A Review and Analysis of Commercial User Modeling Servers for Personalization on the World Wide Web

  • Authors:
  • Josef Fink;Alfred Kobsa

  • Affiliations:
  • humanIT Human Information Technologies GmbH, Rathausallee 10, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany. E-mail: Josef.Fink@humanit.de;Dept. of Information and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3425, U.S.A. E-mail: kobsa@uci.edu

  • Venue:
  • User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
  • Year:
  • 2000

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Abstract

The aim of this article is to present and discuss selected commercial user modeling systems against the background of deployment requirements in real-world environments. Following the recent trend towards personalization on the World Wide Web, these systems are mainly aimed at supporting e-commerce including customer relationship management. In order to guide and structure our review, we define a requirements catalogue that comprises the main dimensions of functionality, data acquisition, representation, extensibility and flexibility, integration of external user-related information, compliance with standards, concern for privacy, and system architecture. Apart from the novelty of such a comparison both inside and outside the classical user modeling literature, a presentation of the core features of these commercial systems may provide a source of information and inspiration for the design, implementation, and deployment of future user modeling systems in research and commercial environments.