Designing SpeechActs: issues in speech user interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
COLLAGEN: A Collaboration Manager for Software Interface Agents
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A robust system for natural spoken dialogue
ACL '96 Proceedings of the 34th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A plug-in architecture for generating collaborative agent responses
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 2
Collaborating with Focused and Unfocused Users under Imperfect Communication
UM '01 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on User Modeling 2001
Lessons learned in building spoken language collaborative interface agents
ANLP/NAACL-ConvSyst '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ANLP/NAACL Workshop on Conversational systems - Volume 3
Personal assistants: Direct manipulation vs. mixed initiative interfaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The use of interface agents for email notification in critical incidents
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Working together inside an emailbox
ECSCW'05 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
E-mail research: targeting the enterprise
Human-Computer Interaction
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Lessons learned in building spoken language collaborative interface agents
ConversationalSys '00 Proceedings of the ANLP-NAACL 2000 Workshop on Conversational Systems
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Software agents which communicate and collaborate with users to perform complex tasks constitute a new paradigm for human-computer interaction complementing existing graphical interfaces. We have recently completed a prototype agent of this kind for helping people with their email, based on our studies of people working with human assistants and Wizard-of-Oz studies. The prototype was constructed using application-independent software for modeling collaborative discourse (Collagen, see [4]) jointly developed by Lotus and Mitsubishi Electric and speech understanding technology from IBM Research. Users perform typical email tasks via a flexible combination of spoken language conversation with the agent and graphical interface actions (which are observed by the agent). The agent maintains a model of the user's goals and activities, and can act on its own initiative to assist the user. Having a high-level model of actions and goals allows speech to be used in a more natural, conversational, and effective manner than otherwise possible.