Making them move
Simulating humans: computer graphics animation and control
Simulating humans: computer graphics animation and control
Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A virtual interface agent and its agency
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Complex Models for Animating Synthetic Actors
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The RoboCup synthetic agent challenge 97
IJCAI'97 Proceedings of the 15th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence - Volume 1
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Virtual RoboCup is a real-time 3D visualization tool for 2D simulated soccer games as played in the RoboCup simulation league. Players are modeled as anthropmorphic figures and animated step-keepingly with the underlying 2D simulation. Important aspects of player animation concern the generation of natural 3D player movements and realistic player-ball interactions during kicks. A key contribution of Virtual RoboCup is its novel approach to task-level animation in which task-level directives for 3D animation of anthropomorphic characters are generated via on-line classification of fast paced 2D simulation data. As further contribution, we investigated to what extend human observers perceptually process the level of detail in Virtual RobCup animations. A psychological experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of 3D body animation. Although observers failed to notice differences in animation detail, clear effects of character animation on perceived skill were found. The experiment confirms that is is very well justified to spend valuable computational resources on naturalness and richness of detail in realtime character animation.