Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools
Compilers: principles, techniques, and tools
The priority-based coloring approach to register allocation
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Register allocation via hierarchical graph coloring
PLDI '91 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1991 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Load/store range analysis for global register allocation
PLDI '93 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1993 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Improvements to graph coloring register allocation
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Spill code minimization via interference region spilling
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1997 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Register promotion by sparse partial redundancy elimination of loads and stores
PLDI '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1998 conference on Programming language design and implementation
The design and implementation of RAP: a PDG-based register allocator
Software—Practice & Experience
Fusion-based register allocation
Fusion-based register allocation
A New Framework for Integrated Global Local Scheduling
PACT '98 Proceedings of the 1998 International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
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Decisions made during register allocation greatly influence the overall quality of compiled code. Standard graph-coloring allocators often make spilling decisions which are not guided by program structure or path-sensitive control flow information. This can result in generation and placement of load and store instructions which is inefficient from a global perspective. Quite often, allocation decisions get heavily influenced by the choice of candidates for register residency. We propose a framework which selectively demotes variables in a contained manner to maintain balanced register pressure. The decisions for selective demotion are made through a flow-analytic approach and the loads and stores are inserted in strategic points such that degrading effect of spill code on overall code quality is sufficiently reduced. Our approach tries to keep variables as candidates for register allocation only along the paths where it is profitable to do so. We attempt to identify good local candidates for demotion, however, decisions are taken only after their global demotion costs are captured. We have implemented the framework inside the SGI MIPSPRO compiler and have obtained very encouraging results in improving the allocation of a Briggs-style allocator.