Exploring Efficient Operating Points for Voltage Scaled Embedded Processor Cores

  • Authors:
  • Marcio Buss;Tony Givargis;Nikil Dutt

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-;-

  • Venue:
  • RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

Portable and battery operated devices pose a unique designchallenge in terms of performance requirements, low powerconstraints, and shrot design cycles.Embedded soft cores,on the other hand, provide functional flexibility and guaranteerapid design and thus are gaining popularity in designingsuch portable and battery operated devices.To addressthe low power needs, dynamic voltage scaled (DVS)processors provide a new tradeoff dimension to the designer.This work proposes an application-specific design space explorationframework for selecting energy-efficient operatingpoints in an embedded soft core.Specifically, we addressthe problem of selecting an appropriate number of operatingvoltage/frequency points and the distribution of these pointsalong the valid voltage span of a processor, given the applicationthat is to be executed on the processor.Furthermore,we provide a static intra-task scheduling techniquethat reduces energy consumption (4-20% in our experiments)even when the worst-case application execution time does notleave any slack for effective voltage scaling.We have experimentallyverified our techniques on a large set of embeddedbenchmarks selected from MiBench, PowerStone and MediaBench.