Expansion of layouts of complete binary trees into grids

  • Authors:
  • Y.-B. Lin;Z. Miller;M. Perkel;D. Pritikin;I. H. Sudborough

  • Affiliations:
  • Computer Science Program, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX;Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH;Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wright State University, Dayton, OH;Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, OH;Computer Science Program, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX

  • Venue:
  • Discrete Applied Mathematics
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

Let Th be the complete binary tree of height h. Let M be the infinite grid graph with vertex set Z2, where two vertices (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) of M are adjacent if and only if |x1-x2| + |y1-y2|= 1. Suppose that T is a tree which is a subdivision of Th and is also isomorphic to a subgraph of M. Motivated by issues in optimal VLSI design, we show that the point expansion ratio n(T)/n(Th) = n(T)/(2h+1 - 1) is bounded below by 1.122 for h sufficiently large. That is, we give bounds on how many vertices of degree 2 must be inserted along the edges of Th in order that the resulting tree can be laid out in the grid. Concerning the constructive end of VLSI design, suppose that T is a tree which is a subdivision of Th and is also isomorphic to a subgraph of the n × n grid graph. Define the expansion ratio of such a layout to be n2/n(Th)=n2/(2h+1 - 1). We show constructively that the minimum possible expansion ratio over all layouts of Th is bounded above by 1.4656 for sufficiently large h. That is, we give efficient layouts of complete binary trees into square grids, making improvements upon the previous work of others. We also give bounds for the point expansion and expansion problems for layouts of Th into extended grids, i.e. grids with added diagonals.