A caching relay for the World Wide Web
Selected papers of the first conference on World-Wide Web
Estimating the heavy tail index from scaling properties
Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability
On network-aware clustering of Web clients
Proceedings of the conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication
Analysis of educational media server workloads
NOSSDAV '01 Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Characterizing reference locality in the WWW
DIS '96 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on on Parallel and distributed information systems
An empirical study of realvideo performance across the internet
IMW '01 Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet Measurement
Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking
NOSSDAV '02 Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
A hierarchical characterization of a live streaming media workload
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Internet measurment
Designing overlay multicast networks for streaming
Proceedings of the fifteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Collecting and Modeling the Join/Leave Behavior of Multicast Group Members in the MBone
HPDC '96 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Characteristics of WWW Client-based Traces
Measurement, modeling, and analysis of a peer-to-peer file-sharing workload
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Measuring and modelling the group mmbership in the internet
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A measurement-driven approach to designing peer-to-peer systems
A measurement-driven approach to designing peer-to-peer systems
Measurement and analysis of a streaming-media workload
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
On the geographic location of Internet resources
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Analysis of multimedia workloads with implications for internet streaming
WWW '05 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on World Wide Web
User Behaviour Analysis of a Video-On-Demand Service with a Wide Variety of Subjects and Lengths
EUROMICRO '05 Proceedings of the 31st EUROMICRO Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications
Understanding churn in peer-to-peer networks
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Delving into internet streaming media delivery: a quality and resource utilization perspective
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Characterizing unstructured overlay topologies in modern P2P file-sharing systems
IMC '05 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet Measurement
Improving the Fault Resilience of Overlay Multicast for Media Streaming
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
P2MCMD: A scalable approach to VoD service over peer-to-peer networks
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Youtube traffic characterization: a view from the edge
Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Multimedia streaming via TCP: An analytic performance study
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Towards cinematic internet video-on-demand
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2008
Multipath live streaming via TCP: scheme, performance and benefits
CoNEXT '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM CoNEXT conference
Improving stability for peer-to-peer multicast overlays by active measurements
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Race conditions in coexisting overlay networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Characterizing unstructured overlay topologies in modern P2P file-sharing systems
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
A hybrid priority-based video-on-demand resource sharing scheme
Computer Communications
The stretched exponential distribution of internet media access patterns
Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
GridCast: Improving peer sharing for P2P VoD
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Watching television over an IP network
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
WorldTravel: A Testbed for Service-Oriented Applications
ICSOC '08 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Service-Oriented Computing
Analyzing video services in Web 2.0: a global perspective
Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video
Fast and proximity-aware multi-source overlay multicast under heterogeneous environment
Computer Communications
Towards automating overlay network management
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
A QoS-aware VoD resource sharing scheme for heterogeneous networks
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Wikipedia workload analysis for decentralized hosting
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Multipath live streaming via TCP: Scheme, performance and benefits
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
An intelligent infotainment dissemination scheme for heterogeneous vehicular networks
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
GoalBit: the first free and open source peer-to-peer streaming network
Proceedings of the 5th International Latin American Networking Conference
On dominant characteristics of residential broadband internet traffic
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
Inside the bird's nest: measurements of large-scale live VoD from the 2008 olympics
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
From content distribution networks to content networks - issues and challenges
Computer Communications
Stability and performance of overlay multicast systems employing forward error correction
Performance Evaluation
Enabling multi-party 3D tele-immersive environments with ViewCast
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Fast-mesh: a low-delay high-bandwidth mesh for peer-to-peer live streaming
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Streaming performance in multiple-tree-based overlays
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
A distributed algorithm for overlay backbone multicast routing in content delivery networks
NETWORKING'08 Proceedings of the 7th international IFIP-TC6 networking conference on AdHoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
TriggerTV: exploiting social user journeys within an interactive TV system
Proceedings of the 20th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
An efficient key management scheme for live streaming
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
Cooperative caching and relaying strategies for peer-to-peer content delivery
IPTPS'08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Peer-to-peer systems
Enabling multiparty 3D tele-immersive environments with ViewCast
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
iDASH: improved dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP using scalable video coding
MMSys '11 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Multimedia systems
A paradigm comparison for collecting TV channel statistics from high-volume channel zap events
Proceedings of the 5th ACM international conference on Distributed event-based system
Understanding the impact of video quality on user engagement
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 conference
Social TV: The impact of social awareness on content navigation within IPTV systems
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Measurement and analysis of a large scale commercial mobile internet TV system
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement conference
GoalBit: a free and open source peer-to-peer streaming network
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Improving resiliency using capacity-aware multicast tree in p2p-based streaming environments
HPCC'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on High Performance Computing and Communications
On the stability of end-point-based multimedia streaming
NETWORKING'06 Proceedings of the 5th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communications Systems
Characterizing user behavior to improve quality of streaming service over p2p networks
PCM'06 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim conference on Advances in Multimedia Information Processing
Watch me playing, i am a professional: a first study on video game live streaming
Proceedings of the 21st international conference companion on World Wide Web
A Bayesian approach for user aware peer-to-peer video streaming systems
Image Communication
Separating Performance Anomalies from Workload-Explained Failures in Streaming Servers
CCGRID '12 Proceedings of the 2012 12th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and Grid Computing (ccgrid 2012)
Video stream quality impacts viewer behavior: inferring causality using quasi-experimental designs
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM conference on Internet measurement conference
Optimizing streaming server selection for CDN-Delivered live streaming
IDCS'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Internet and Distributed Computing Systems
CBTree: a practical concurrent self-adjusting search tree
DISC'12 Proceedings of the 26th international conference on Distributed Computing
International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking
Optimum piece selection strategies for a peer-to-peer video streaming platform
Computers and Operations Research
Peer-assisted content distribution in Akamai netsession
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Internet measurement conference
Benchmarking Peer-to-Peer Systems
Modeling and evaluating IPTV applications in WiMAX networks
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Video stream quality impacts viewer behavior: inferring causality using quasi-experimental designs
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Resilient and underlay-aware P2P live-streaming
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Lcast: Software-defined inter-domain multicast
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
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In this paper, we study the live streaming workload from a large content delivery network. Our data, collected over a 3 month period, contains over 70 million requests for 5,000 distinct URLs from clients in over 200 countries. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive data of live streaming on the Internet that has been studied to date. Our contributions are two-fold. First, we present a macroscopic analysis of the workload, characterizing popularity, arrival process, session duration, and transport protocol use. Our results show that popularity follows a 2-mode Zipf distribution, session interarrivals within small time-windows are exponential, session durations are heavy-tailed, and that UDP is far from having universal reach on the Internet. Second, we cover two additional characteristics that are more specific to the nature of live streaming applications: the diversity of clients in comparison to traditional broadcast media like radio and TV, and the phenomena that many clients regularly join recurring events. We find that Internet streaming does reach a wide audience, often spanning hundreds of AS domains and tens of countries. More interesting is that small streams also have a diverse audience. We also find that recurring users often have lifetimes of at least as long as one-third of the days in the event.