Earcons and Icons: Their Structure and Common Design Principles (Abstract only)

  • Authors:
  • Meera M. Blattner;Denise A. Sumikawa;Robert M. Greenberg

  • Affiliations:
  • -;-;-

  • Venue:
  • ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
  • Year:
  • 1989

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Abstract

In this paper we examine earcons, which are audio messagesused in the user-computer interface to provide information andfeedback to the user about computer entities. (Earcons includemessages and functions, as well as states and labels.) We identifysome design principles that are common to both visual symbols andauditory messages, and discuss the use of representational andabstract icons and earcons. We give some examples of audio patternsthat may be used to design modules for earcons which then may beassembled into larger groupings called families. The modules aresingle pitches or rhythmicized sequences of pitches calledmotives. The families are constructed about related motivesthat serve to identify a family of related messages. Issuesconcerned with learning and remembering earcons are discussed.