UNIX internals: the new frontiers
UNIX internals: the new frontiers
Swap compression: resurrecting old ideas
Software—Practice & Experience
Code compression for low power embedded system design
Proceedings of the 37th Annual Design Automation Conference
Improving System Performance with Compressed Memory
IPDPS '01 Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium
Hardware-Assisted Data Compression for Energy Minimization in Systems with Embedded Processors
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
High performance code compression architecture for the embedded ARM/THUMB processor
Proceedings of the 1st conference on Computing frontiers
Adaptive main memory compression
ATEC '05 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
The case for compressed caching in virtual memory systems
ATEC '99 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
IBM memory expansion technology (MXT)
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Using Lin-Kernighan algorithm for look-up table compression to improve code density
GLSVLSI '06 Proceedings of the 16th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
High-performance operating system controlled memory compression
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
MEMMU: Memory expansion for MMU-less embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Energy efficient sensor data logging with amnesic flash storage
IPSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Online memory compression for embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
High-performance operating system controlled online memory compression
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Cache aware compression for processor debug support
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Transparent Online Storage Compression at the Block-Level
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
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Memory is a scarce resource in many embedded systems. Increasing memory often increases packaging and cooling costs, size, and energy consumption. This paper presents CRAMES, an efficient software-based RAM compression technique for embedded systems. The goal of CRAMES is to dramatically increase effective memory capacity without hardware design changes, while maintaining high performance and low energy consumption. To achieve this goal, CRAMES takes advantage of an operating system's virtual memory infrastructure by storing swapped-out pages in compressed format. It dynamically adjusts the size of the compressed RAM area, protecting applications capable of running without it from performance or energy consumption penalties. In addition to compressing working data sets, CRAMES also enables efficient in-RAM filesystem compression, thereby further increasing RAM capacity. CRAMES was implemented as a loadable module for the Linux kernel and evaluated on a battery-powered embedded system. Experimental results indicate that CRAMES is capable of doubling the amount of RAM available to applications. Execution time and energy consumption for a broad range of examples increase only slightly, by averages of 0.35% and 4.79%. In addition, this work identifies the software-based compression algorithms that are most appropriate for low-power embedded systems.