Effects of feedback and dwell time on eye typing speed and accuracy

Authors:
Päivi Majaranta;Scott MacKenzie;Anne Aula;Kari-Jouko Räihä
Affiliations:
Unit for Human–Computer Interaction (TAUCHI), Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland;Department of Computer Science and Engineering, York University, 33014, Toronto, ON, Canada;Unit for Human–Computer Interaction (TAUCHI), Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland;Unit for Human–Computer Interaction (TAUCHI), Department of Computer Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
Venue:
Universal Access in the Information Society
Year:
2006

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Abstract

Eye typing provides a means of communication that is especially useful for people with disabilities. However, most related research addresses technical issues in eye typing systems, and largely ignores design issues. This paper reports experiments studying the impact of auditory and visual feedback on user performance and experience. Results show that feedback impacts typing speed, accuracy, gaze behavior, and subjective experience. Also, the feedback should be matched with the dwell time. Short dwell times require simplified feedback to support the typing rhythm, whereas long dwell times allow extra information on the eye typing process. Both short and long dwell times benefit from combined visual and auditory feedback. Six guidelines for designing feedback for gaze-based text entry are provided.