Estimating cloth simulation parameters from video
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Geopostors: a real-time geometry / impostor crowd rendering system
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
A case study of a virtual audience in a reconstruction of an ancient Roman odeon in Aphrodisias
VAST'04 Proceedings of the 5th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
Smooth movers: perceptually guided human motion simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Clone attack! Perception of crowd variety
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Perceptually guided expressive facial animation
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Fool me twice: Exploring and exploiting error tolerance in physics-based animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Simulating believable crowd and group behaviors
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2010 Courses
Believability in simplifications of large scale physically based simulation
Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Perception
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Recent developments in crowd simulation have allowed thousands of characters to be rendered in real-time. Usually this is achieved through the use of Level of Detail (LOD) models for the individuals in the crowd. Perceptual studies have shown that image-based representations, i.e., impostors, can be used as imperceptible background substitutes for high-polygon models for skinned human characters, resulting in optimal rendering times and high visual fidelity. However, previous methods only showed humans dressed in clothes that were deformed using standard skinning methods. Highly deformable objects like cloth are not effectively depicted using these methods. Therefore, in this paper, we present the first perceptual evaluation of different LOD representations of humans wearing deformable (i.e., physically simulated) clothing. We show conclusively that impostors are startlingly effective at depicting the deformation properties of clothing and present useful guidelines for the development of crowd systems with thousands of realistically clothed humans.