The mathematics of statistical machine translation: parameter estimation
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on using large corpora: II
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Minimum error rate training in statistical machine translation
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The Alignment Template Approach to Statistical Machine Translation
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Word-level confidence estimation for machine translation using phrase-based translation models
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Word graphs for statistical machine translation
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N-gram posterior probabilities for statistical machine translation
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Semi-supervised model adaptation for statistical machine translation
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Two-Stage Hypotheses Generation for Spoken Language Translation
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP)
A statistical approach to crosslingual natural language tasks
Journal of Algorithms
Computing confidence scores for all sub parse trees
HLT-Short '08 Proceedings of the 46th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technologies: Short Papers
Automatic selection of high quality parses created by a fully unsupervised parser
CoNLL '09 Proceedings of the Thirteenth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning
Active learning for statistical phrase-based machine translation
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NRC's PORTAGE system for WMT 2007
StatMT '07 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
Error detection for statistical machine translation using linguistic features
ACL '10 Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics
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Active learning-based elicitation for semi-supervised word alignment
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Active semi-supervised learning for improving word alignment
ALNLP '10 Proceedings of the NAACL HLT 2010 Workshop on Active Learning for Natural Language Processing
Confidence in structured-prediction using confidence-weighted models
EMNLP '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
Fluency constraints for minimum Bayes-risk decoding of statistical machine translation lattices
COLING '10 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Computational Linguistics
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HLT '11 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies - Volume 1
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EACL '12 Proceedings of the 13th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Quality estimation for machine translation output using linguistic analysis and decoding features
WMT '12 Proceedings of the Seventh Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation
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Machine Translation
Cost-sensitive active learning for computer-assisted translation
Pattern Recognition Letters
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This article introduces and evaluates several different word-level confidence measures for machine translation. These measures provide a method for labeling each word in an automatically generated translation as correct or incorrect. All approaches to confidence estimation presented here are based on word posterior probabilities. Different concepts of word posterior probabilities as well as different ways of calculating them will be introduced and compared. They can be divided into two categories: System-based methods that explore knowledge provided by the translation system that generated the translations, and direct methods that are independent of the translation system. The system-based techniques make use of system output, such as word graphs or N-best lists. The word posterior probability is determined by summing the probabilities of the sentences in the translation hypothesis space that contains the target word. The direct confidence measures take other knowledge sources, such as word or phrase lexica, into account. They can be applied to output from nonstatistical machine translation systems as well. Experimental assessment of the different confidence measures on various translation tasks and in several language pairs will be presented. Moreover,the application of confidence measures for rescoring of translation hypotheses will be investigated.