Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Runtime Power Monitoring in High-End Processors: Methodology and Empirical Data
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
MinneSPEC: A New SPEC Benchmark Workload for Simulation-Based Computer Architecture Research
IEEE Computer Architecture Letters
Instruction level and operating system profiling for energy exposed software
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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Power has emerged as a major concern in the microprocessor industry. From embedded to high-performance processors, all designs employ several power optimizations at the circuit and the architectural levels. While introductory computer architecture books and courses are starting to cover power concepts, proposals to offer students a practical experience with power issues are still scarce. To do so, we advocate the inclusion of energy and power concepts in computer architecture courses by means of laboratory experiments. These experiments build upon concepts presented in preceding physics and/or electronics courses. This paper outlines our experience with the development of such hardware-based energy laboratories. We propose experiments on a simple, yet powerful hardware-software platform capable of live energy measurements in a desktop computer processor. The proposed laboratory setup can help to teach students the basics of power-aware computer architectures. The performed experiments demonstrate the viability of our approach. For example, our experiments show that students can deduce the dynamic and static power dissipation of the Intel Pentium 4. Information that is not documented in the processor's datasheet.