Continuous profiling: where have all the cycles gone?
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Fundamental limitations on the use of prefetching and stream buffers for scientific applications
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM symposium on Applied computing
ISCA '01 Proceedings of the 28th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Removing architectural bottlenecks to the scalability of speculative parallelization
ISCA '01 Proceedings of the 28th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Characterizing the d-TLB behavior of SPEC CPU2000 benchmarks
SIGMETRICS '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Adapting the SPEC 2000 benchmark suite for simulation-based computer architecture research
Workload characterization of emerging computer applications
Understanding the impact of X86/NT computing on microarchitecture
Workload characterization of emerging computer applications
Post-pass binary adaptation for software-based speculative precomputation
PLDI '02 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on Programming language design and implementation
PLDI '02 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on Programming language design and implementation
Profile-guided post-link stride prefetching
ICS '02 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Supercomputing
A large, fast instruction window for tolerating cache misses
ISCA '02 Proceedings of the 29th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Challenges and opportunities in broadband and wireless communication designs
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
IPDPS '02 Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
Effects of Memory Performance on Parallel Job Scheduling
JSSPP '01 Revised Papers from the 7th International Workshop on Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing
WOMPAT '01 Proceedings of the International Workshop on OpenMP Applications and Tools: OpenMP Shared Memory Parallel Programming
Performance Evaluation of Complex Systems: Techniques and Tools, Performance 2002, Tutorial Lectures
Cherry: checkpointed early resource recycling in out-of-order microprocessors
Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
Generating physical addresses directly for saving instruction TLB energy
Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
Power-aware issue queue design for speculative instructions
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
Dynamic binary translation for accumulator-oriented architectures
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization: feedback-directed and runtime optimization
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization: feedback-directed and runtime optimization
Dynamic trace selection using performance monitoring hardware sampling
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization: feedback-directed and runtime optimization
Using benchmarking to advance research: a challenge to software engineering
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Software Engineering
AEGIS: architecture for tamper-evident and tamper-resistant processing
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Enhancing memory level parallelism via recovery-free value prediction
ICS '03 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Caches and Hash Trees for Efficient Memory Integrity Verification
HPCA '03 Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Practical, transparent operating system support for superpages
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - OSDI '02: Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation
Profile-based dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for a multiple clock domain microprocessor
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Analysis of simulation-adapted SPEC 2000 benchmarks
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Multiple-path execution for chip multiprocessors
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Comparing Program Phase Detection Techniques
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Efficient Memory Integrity Verification and Encryption for Secure Processors
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Dynamic Partitioning of Shared Cache Memory
The Journal of Supercomputing
The need for adaptive dynamic thread scheduling
High performance scientific and engineering computing
Physical Experimentation with Prefetching Helper Threads on Intel's Hyper-Threaded Processors
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization: feedback-directed and runtime optimization
Coupling compiler-enabled and conventional memory accessing for energy efficiency
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Performance evaluation of cache replacement policies for the SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite
ACM-SE 42 Proceedings of the 42nd annual Southeast regional conference
Control Flow Modeling in Statistical Simulation for Accurate and Efficient Processor Design Studies
Proceedings of the 31st annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A low-power in-order/out-of-order issue queue
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Secure program execution via dynamic information flow tracking
ASPLOS XI Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Adding Limited Reconfigurability to Superscalar Processors
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Pinpointing Representative Portions of Large Intel® Itanium® Programs with Dynamic Instrumentation
Proceedings of the 37th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Effects of speculation on performance and issue queue design
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Data Centric Cache Measurement on the Intel ltanium 2 Processor
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Power-Performance Simulation and Design Strategies for Single-Chip Heterogeneous Multiprocessors
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Optimizing instruction TLB energy using software and hardware techniques
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Practical, transparent operating system support for superpages
OSDI '02 Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementationCopyright restrictions prevent ACM from being able to make the PDFs for this conference available for downloading
Pin: building customized program analysis tools with dynamic instrumentation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Microarchitecture-aware floorplanning using a statistical design of experiments approach
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Enhancing Memory-Level Parallelism via Recovery-Free Value Prediction
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Data-Dependency Graph Transformations for Instruction Scheduling
Journal of Scheduling
Dual-Core Execution: Building a Highly Scalable Single-Thread Instruction Window
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Techniques
Proceedings of the 38th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
MEDEA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications , systems and architecture
MEDEA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications , systems and architecture
Evaluating the impact of the simulation environment on experimentation results
Performance Evaluation
Simulation of Computer Architectures: Simulators, Benchmarks, Methodologies, and Recommendations
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Spectral prefetcher: An effective mechanism for L2 cache prefetching
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Intelligent memory manager: reducing cache pollution due to memory management functions
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Pluggable abstract domains for analyzing embedded software
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Language, compilers, and tool support for embedded systems
Live updating operating systems using virtualization
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual execution environments
Techniques for Multicore Thermal Management: Classification and New Exploration
Proceedings of the 33rd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
Measuring Benchmark Similarity Using Inherent Program Characteristics
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Inthreads: a low granularity parallelization model
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue: MEDEA'05
Making a case for split data caches for embedded applications
MEDEA '05 Proceedings of the 2005 workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications , systems and architecture
Adaptive reorder buffers for SMT processors
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
Throttling-Based Resource Management in High Performance Multithreaded Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Block-aware instruction set architecture
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Power efficiency for variation-tolerant multicore processors
Proceedings of the 2006 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Automatic generation of peephole superoptimizers
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Scientific applications vs. SPEC-FP: a comparison of program behavior
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Supercomputing
The exigency of benchmark and compiler drift: designing tomorrow's processors with yesterday's tools
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Supercomputing
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Detailed cache simulation for detecting bottleneck, miss reason and optimization potentialities
valuetools '06 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Performance evaluation methodolgies and tools
Exploiting Operand Availability for Efficient Simultaneous Multithreading
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Data-Dependency Graph Transformations for Superblock Scheduling
Proceedings of the 39th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Using fine grain multithreading for energy efficient computing
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
Subsetting the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
SPEC CPU2006 sensitivity to memory page sizes
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Analysis of hardware prefetching across virtual page boundaries
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computing frontiers
Unichos: a full system simulator for thin client platform
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Core fusion: accommodating software diversity in chip multiprocessors
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Analysis of redundancy and application balance in the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Comparative characterization of SPEC CPU2000 and CPU2006 on Itanium® architecture
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Implementation and Evaluation of a Dynamically Routed Processor Operand Network
NOCS '07 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip
A proposal to introduce power and energy notions in computer architecture laboratories
WCAE '07 Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Computer architecture education
Analysis of input-dependent program behavior using active profiling
Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Experimental computer science
Power signal processing: a new perspective for power analysis and optimization
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Analysis of input-dependent program behavior using active profiling
ecs'07 Experimental computer science on Experimental computer science
A New Era of Performance Evaluation
Computer
Speed versus Accuracy Trade-Offs in Microarchitectural Simulations
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Temperature aware microprocessor floorplanning considering application dependent power load
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
YAARC: yet another approach to further reducing the rate of conflict misses
The Journal of Supercomputing
Efficiency trends and limits from comprehensive microarchitectural adaptivity
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Dispersing proprietary applications as benchmarks through code mutation
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Samurai: protecting critical data in unsafe languages
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2008
Cole: compiler optimization level exploration
Proceedings of the 6th annual IEEE/ACM international symposium on Code generation and optimization
Towards Ultra-High Resolution Models of Climate and Weather
International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Power-efficient and scalable load/store queue design via address compression
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Improving I/O performance of applications through compiler-directed code restructuring
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Low power microarchitecture with instruction reuse
Proceedings of the 5th conference on Computing frontiers
Journal of Embedded Computing - Embeded Processors and Systems: Architectural Issues and Solutions for Emerging Applications
Tiny split data-caches make big performance impact for embedded applications
Journal of Embedded Computing - Issues in embedded single-chip multicore architectures
Partial resolution for redundant operation table
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Distilling the essence of proprietary workloads into miniature benchmarks
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Hiding cache miss penalty using priority-based execution for embedded processors
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Prefetch throttling and data pinning for improving performance of shared caches
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
The Reduced Address Space (RAS) for Application Memory Authentication
ISC '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Information Security
Profiler and compiler assisted adaptive I/O prefetching for shared storage caches
Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Parallel architectures and compilation techniques
Analysing and improving clustering based sampling for microprocessor simulation
International Journal of High Performance Computing and Networking
Proceedings of the 2009 SPEC Benchmark Workshop on Computer Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking
PFetch: software prefetching exploiting temporal predictability of memory access streams
Proceedings of the 9th workshop on MEmory performance: DEaling with Applications, systems and architecture
A swarm-inspired resource distribution for SMT processors
Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Bio-Inspired Models of Network, Information and Computing Sytems
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Reconfigurable energy efficient near threshold cache architectures
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Adopting the Drowsy Technique for Instruction Caches: A Soft Error Perspective
IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences
MEDS: The Memory Error Detection System
ESSoS '09 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Engineering Secure Software and Systems
The impact of speculative execution on SMT processors
International Journal of Parallel Programming
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Improving code compression using clustered modalities
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Southeast Regional Conference on XX
The Impact of Resource Sharing Control on the Design of Multicore Processors
ICA3PP '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing
Hybrid multithreading for VLIW processors
CASES '09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Spectral techniques for high-resolution thermal characterization with limited sensor data
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference
Simple and fast micro-architecture simulation: a trisection cantor fractal approach
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
Multiscale thermal analysis for nanometer-scale integrated circuits
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Using data compression for increasing memory system utilization
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
SHARP control: controlled shared cache management in chip multiprocessors
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
DBT path selection for holistic memory efficiency and performance
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGPLAN/SIGOPS international conference on Virtual execution environments
Orthrus: efficient software integrity protection on multi-cores
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Performance variability of highly parallel architectures
ICCS'03 Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Computational science: PartIII
WHOLE: a low energy I-cache with separate way history
ICCD'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Computer design
Software data spreading: leveraging distributed caches to improve single thread performance
PLDI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
IVEC: off-chip memory integrity protection for both security and reliability
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Job-resource matchmaking on Grid through two-level benchmarking
Future Generation Computer Systems
DistriBit: a distributed dynamic binary translator system for thin client computing
Proceedings of the 19th ACM International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Instruction precomputation with memoization for fault detection
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Balancing memory and performance through selective flushing of software code caches
CASES '10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Estimating and exploiting potential parallelism by source-level dependence profiling
EuroPar'10 Proceedings of the 16th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel processing: Part I
Dynamically reconfigurable cache architecture using adaptive block allocation policy
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
Statistical sampling of microarchitecture simulation
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
TPCC-UVa: an open-source TPC-C implementation for parallel and distributed systems
IPDPS'06 Proceedings of the 20th international conference on Parallel and distributed processing
SubsetTrio: An evolutionary, geometric, and statistical benchmark subsetting framework
ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS)
Adapting software fault isolation to contemporary CPU architectures
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
A Predictive Model for Dynamic Microarchitectural Adaptivity Control
MICRO '43 Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
COREMU: a scalable and portable parallel full-system emulator
Proceedings of the 16th ACM symposium on Principles and practice of parallel programming
Scientific Application Demands on a Reconfigurable Functional Unit Interface
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS)
Pruning hardware evaluation space via correlation-driven application similarity analysis
Proceedings of the 8th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
Code pointer masking: hardening applications against code injection attacks
DIMVA'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Detection of intrusions and malware, and vulnerability assessment
Thermal-aware floorplan schemes for reliable 3D multi-core processors
ICCSA'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Computational science and its applications - Volume Part II
Improving performance of nested loops on reconfigurable array processors
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO) - HIPEAC Papers
Efficient protection against heap-based buffer overflows without resorting to magic
ICICS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Information and Communications Security
Reducing TPC-H benchmarking time
PCI'05 Proceedings of the 10th Panhellenic conference on Advances in Informatics
Throttling capacity sharing in private L2 caches of CMPs
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Research in Applied Computation
Parallel branch prediction on GPU platform
HPCA'09 Proceedings of the Second international conference on High Performance Computing and Applications
A space-efficient on-chip compressed cache organization for high performance computing
ISPA'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
CIPARSim: cache intersection property assisted rapid single-pass FIFO cache simulation technique
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Full-chip runtime error-tolerant thermal estimation and prediction for practical thermal management
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Memory access aware on-line voltage control for performance and energy optimization
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Design space navigation for neighboring power-performance efficient microprocessor configurations
ARCS'05 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Architecture of Computing Systems conference on Systems Aspects in Organic and Pervasive Computing
Deciding where to call performance libraries
Euro-Par'05 Proceedings of the 11th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel Processing
Improving instruction delivery with a block-aware ISA
Euro-Par'05 Proceedings of the 11th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel Processing
Innovations in intelligent agents
KES'05 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems - Volume Part II
Improving accuracy of perceptron predictor through correlating data values in SMT processors
ISNN'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Advances in Neural Networks - Volume Part III
On domain-specific languages reengineering
GPCE'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering
Global register alias table: Boosting sequential program on multi-core
Future Generation Computer Systems
A memory bandwidth effective cache store miss policy
ACSAC'05 Proceedings of the 10th Asia-Pacific conference on Advances in Computer Systems Architecture
Reducing last level cache pollution through OS-level software-controlled region-based partitioning
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Effective parallelization of loops in the presence of I/O operations
Proceedings of the 33rd ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation
Proceedings of the 26th ACM international conference on Supercomputing
Adaptive dynamic frequency scaling for thermal-aware 3d multi-core processors
ICCSA'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part IV
Memory optimization of dynamic binary translators for embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Exploiting inter-sequence correlations for program behavior prediction
Proceedings of the ACM international conference on Object oriented programming systems languages and applications
Optimizing chip multiprocessor work distribution using dynamic compilation
Euro-Par'07 Proceedings of the 13th international Euro-Par conference on Parallel Processing
StarDBT: an efficient multi-platform dynamic binary translation system
ACSAC'07 Proceedings of the 12th Asia-Pacific conference on Advances in Computer Systems Architecture
Adaptive instruction dispatching techniques for Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) processors
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Memory leak detection with context awareness
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Research in Applied Computation Symposium
Adaptive page grouping for energy efficiency in hybrid PRAM-DRAM main memory
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Research in Applied Computation Symposium
Improving Memory Management Security for C and C++
International Journal of Secure Software Engineering
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Scheduling optimization in multicore multithreaded microprocessors through dynamic modeling
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers
A power-driven thermal sensor placement algorithm for dynamic thermal management
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Improving memory scheduling via processor-side load criticality information
Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
AC-DIMM: associative computing with STT-MRAM
Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
CPM: Masking Code Pointers to Prevent Code Injection Attacks
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
LP-NUCA: networks-in-cache for high-performance low-power embedded processors
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Service-oriented heterogeneous resource sharing for optimizing service latency in mobile cloud
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Mobile cloud computing & networking
Runtime power estimator calibration for high-performance microprocessors
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
S/DC: a storage and energy efficient data prefetcher
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Salvaging chips with caches beyond repair
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
An out-of-order superscalar processor on FPGA: the ReOrder buffer design
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Dynamic microarchitectural adaptation using machine learning
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Hardware acceleration for programs in SSA form
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Compilers, Architectures and Synthesis for Embedded Systems
DIME: time-aware dynamic binary instrumentation using rate-based resource allocation
Proceedings of the Eleventh ACM International Conference on Embedded Software
Preliminary results for neuroevolutionary optimization phase order generation for static compilation
Proceedings of the 11th Workshop on Optimizations for DSP and Embedded Systems
| Hi-index | 4.12 |
As computers and software have become more powerful, it seems almost human nature to want the biggest and fastest toy you can afford. But how do you know if your toy is tops? Even if your application never does any I/O, it's not just the speed of the CPU that dictates performance. Cache, main memory, and compilers also play a role. Software applications also have differing performance requirements. So whom do you trust to provide this information?The Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) is a nonprofit consortium whose members include hardware vendors, software vendors, universities, customers, and consultants. SPEC's mission is to develop technically credible and objective component- and system-level benchmarks for multiple operating systems and environments, including high-performance numeric computing, Web servers, and graphical subsystems.On 30 June 2000, SPEC retired the CPU95 benchmark suite. Its replacement is CPU2000, a new CPU benchmark suite with 19 applications that have never before been in a SPEC CPU suite. This article discusses how SPEC developed this benchmark suite and what the benchmarks do