Reliable synchronization of redundant systems
ISCA '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual symposium on Computer architecture
Anomalous Behavior of Synchronizer and Arbiter Circuits
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A Totally Self-Checking Checker Design for the Detection of Errors in Periodic Signals
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The Architectural Elements of a Symmetric Fault-Tolerant Multiprocessor
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Transient Failures in Triple Modular Redundancy Systems with Sequential Modules
IEEE Transactions on Computers
An Algorithm for the Accurate Reliability Evaluation of Triple Modular Redundancy Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Saturn V launch vehicle digital computer and data adapter
AFIPS '64 (Fall, part I) Proceedings of the October 27-29, 1964, fall joint computer conference, part I
AFIPS '70 (Spring) Proceedings of the May 5-7, 1970, spring joint computer conference
Anomalous Response Times of Input Synchronizers
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The use of triple-modular redundancy to improve computer reliability
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Reliability improvement through redundancy at various system levels
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Development of on-board space computer systems
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Redundancy management technique for space shuttle computers
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Clock synchronization of a large multiprocessor system in the presence of malicious faults
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Bus Architectures for Safety-Critical Embedded Systems
EMSOFT '01 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Embedded Software
Interactive Consistency Algorithms Based on Voting and Error-Correcting Codes
FTCS '95 Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
Acceptable Testing of VLSI Components Which Contain Error Correctors
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Two Designs of a Fault-Tolerant Clocking System
IEEE Transactions on Computers
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Brief announcement: self-stabilizing synchronization of arbitrary digraphs in presence of faults
SSS'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems
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Most of the published work on massive redundancy makes one crucial assumption: the redundant modules are synchronized. There are three ways of achieving synchronization in redundant systems-independent accurate clocks, a common external reference, and mutual feedback. The use of a common external reference is currently the most widely used technique, but suffers from vulnerability to common-point failures. We introduce a novel mutual feedback technique, called "synchronization voting," that does not have this drawback. A practical application of synchronization voting is described in the appendix a fault-tolerant crystal-controlled clock.