All digital built-in delay and crosstalk measurement for on-chip buses
DATE '00 Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Temperature effect on delay for low voltage applications
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
On Correlating Structural Tests with Functional Tests for Speed Binning of High Performance Design
MTV '04 Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Microprocessor Test and Verification
TACO: temperature aware clock-tree optimization
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Gated clock routing for low-power microprocessor design
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Path-RO: a novel on-chip critical path delay measurement under process variations
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
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Determination of maximum operating frequencies (Fmax) during manufacturing test at different operating voltages is required to: (a) to ensure that, for a Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) system, the adaptation hardware actually applies the correct operating frequency corresponding to a scaled supply and (b) to sort chips in different voltage-frequency (V-Fmax)bins, so that chips at different bins can be used for different applications. Existing speed binning approach requires extensive delay testing at all operating points with all possible frequencies, which increases test cost and test time significantly. In this paper, we propose a low-overhead solution for characterizing Fmax of a circuit at different operating voltages that can eliminate the complex and expensive Fmax calibration at multiple voltage points. The basic idea is to choose a small set of representative paths in a circuit based on their voltage sensitivity and dynamically configuring them into ring oscillator to compute the Fmax. The proposed calibration mechanism is all-digital, robust to process variations, reasonably accurate (average 2.8% error) and incorporates minimal hardware overhead (average 1.7% delay, 3.5% area and 0.28% power overhead).