Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Design and technology for Collaborage: collaborative collages of information on physical walls
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The rototack: designing a computationally-enhanced craft item
DARE '00 Proceedings of DARE 2000 on Designing augmented reality environments
Where do web sites come from?: capturing and interacting with design history
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The actuated workbench: computer-controlled actuation in tabletop tangible interfaces
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Pin&Play: Networking Objects through Pins
UbiComp '02 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Super cilia skin: an interactive membrane
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Physical Objects as Bidirectional User Interface Elements
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Topobo: a constructive assembly system with kinetic memory
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PINS push in and POUTS pop out: creating a tangible pin-board that ejects physical documents
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Intangibles wear materiality via material composition
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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There is an asymmetry in many tangible interfaces: while physical objects can be used to manipulate digital information, the reverse is often not possible—the digital world cannot push back. We introduce a new push-back tangible technology, a pin-board that physically ejects paper documents. This is realized by extending the Pin&Play technology to support ‘pouts’, addressable pin-like devices that can remove themselves from a board using muscle wire actuators. We describe how this technology has been developed through two iterations of prototyping, application and formative study. An initial study revealed how potential mismatches between the physical and digital characteristics of pouts caused difficulties with users predicting pop-out events and reasoning about the state of pouts. This led us to extend pouts to reveal more of their internal state, an approach verified through a second study. It also raises more general issues for the design of pushback tangible technologies and ubiquitous interfaces.