Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Artificial evolution for computer graphics
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The algorithmic beauty of plants
The algorithmic beauty of plants
How does complexity arise in evolution
Complexity
Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems
Swarm intelligence: from natural to artificial systems
Aesthetic selection of developmental art forms
ICAL 2003 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on Artificial life
Interactive evolution for industrial design
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
SwarmArchitect: a swarm framework for collaborative construction
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Multiagent based construction for human-like architecture
Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Virtual constructive swarm compositions and inspiration
Evo'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Applications of evolutionary computing
Evolutionary design of dynamic SwarmScapes
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Research frontier: the evolution of swarm grammars-growing trees, crafting art, and bottom-up design
IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine
EvoShelf: a system for managing and exploring evolutionary data
PPSN'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Parallel problem solving from nature: Part II
Interactive biomimetic space: an interactive installation to explore living architecture
EvoApplications'11 Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Applications of evolutionary computation - Volume Part II
An evo-devo approach to architectural design
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
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In this paper we present a swarm grammar system that makes use of bio-inspired mechanisms of reproduction, communication and construction in order to build three-dimensional structures. Ultimately, the created structures serve as idea models that lend themselves to inspirations for architectural designs. Appealing design requires structural complexity. In order to computationally evolve swarm grammar configurations that yield interesting architectural models, we observe their productivity, coordination, efficiency, and their unfolding diversity during the simulations. In particular, we measure the numbers of collaborators in each swarm individual's neighborhood, and we count the types of expressed swarm agents and built construction elements. At the end of the simulation the computation time is saved and the created structures are rated with respect to their approximation of pre-defined shapes. These ratings are incorporated into the fitness function of a genetic algorithm. We show that the conducted measurements are useful to direct an evolutionary search towards interesting yet well-constrained architectural idea models.