Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Structural Indexing: Efficient 3-D Object Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Special issue on interpretation of 3-D scenes—part II
Visual Image Retrieval by Elastic Matching of User Sketches
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Computers
An interactive system for recognizing hand drawn UML diagrams
CASCON '00 Proceedings of the 2000 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketch interpretation using multiscale stochastic models of temporal patterns
Sketch interpretation using multiscale stochastic models of temporal patterns
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Ladder: a perceptually-based language to simplify sketch recognition user interface development
Ladder: a perceptually-based language to simplify sketch recognition user interface development
LADDER, a sketching language for user interface developers
Computers and Graphics
Feature extraction and classifier combination for image-based sketch recognition
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Sketch recognition by fusion of temporal and image-based features
Pattern Recognition
Recognizing sketched multistroke primitives
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
IMISketch: An interactive method for sketch recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
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Sketch recognition is the automated recognition of hand-drawn diagrams. When allowing users to sketch as they would naturally, users may draw shapes in an interspersed manner, starting a second shape before finishing the first. In order to provide freedom to draw interspersed shapes, an exponential combination of subshapes must be considered. Because of this, most sketch recognition systems either choose not to handle interspersing, or handle only a limited pre-defined amount of interspersing. Our goal is to eliminate such interspersing drawing constraints from the sketcher. This paper presents a high-level recognition algorithm that, while still exponential, allows for complete interspersing freedom, running in near real-time through early effective sub-tree pruning. At the core of the algorithm is an indexing technique that takes advantage of geometric sketch recognition techniques to index each shape for efficient access and fast pruning during recognition. We have stresstested our algorithm to show that the system recognizes shapes in less than a second even with over a hundred candidate subshapes on screen.