Principles of interactive computer graphics (2nd ed.)
Principles of interactive computer graphics (2nd ed.)
Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Recognizing multistroke geometric shapes: an experimental evaluation
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Incremental recognition in gesture-based and syntax-directed diagram editors
CHI '93 Proceedings of the INTERACT '93 and CHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ambiguous intentions: a paper-like interface for creative design
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Visual similarity of pen gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A domain-independent system for sketch recognition
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interpreting Sloppy Stick Figures by Graph Rectification and Constraint-Based Matching
GREC '01 Selected Papers from the Fourth International Workshop on Graphics Recognition Algorithms and Applications
Perceptual organization in an interactive sketch editing application
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Efficient analysis of complex diagrams using constraint-based parsing
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 2) - Volume 2
SketchIT: a Sketch Interpretation Tool for Conceptual Mechanical Design
SketchIT: a Sketch Interpretation Tool for Conceptual Mechanical Design
Stylus input and editing without prior selection of mode
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Naturally conveyed explanations of device behavior
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
MathPad2: a system for the creation and exploration of mathematical sketches
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Hierarchical parsing and recognition of hand-sketched diagrams
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
SketchREAD: a multi-domain sketch recognition engine
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A Parsing Technique for Sketch Recognition Systems
VLHCC '04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages - Human Centric Computing
Sketch Grammars: A Formalism for Describing and Recognizing Diagrammatic Sketch Languages
ICDAR '05 Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Rough and ready prototypes: lessons from graphic design
CHI '92 Posters and Short Talks of the 1992 SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Fluid inking: augmenting the medium of free-form inking with gestures
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
ChemPad: generating 3D molecules from 2D sketches
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Posters
Gestures without libraries, toolkits or training: a $1 recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Ladder: a perceptually-based language to simplify sketch recognition user interface development
Ladder: a perceptually-based language to simplify sketch recognition user interface development
Envisioning sketch recognition: a local feature based approach to recognizing informal sketches
Envisioning sketch recognition: a local feature based approach to recognizing informal sketches
PaleoSketch: accurate primitive sketch recognition and beautification
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Sketch-based educational games: "drawing" kids away from traditional interfaces
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
A toolkit approach to sketched diagram recognition
BCS-HCI '07 Proceedings of the 21st British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: HCI...but not as we know it - Volume 1
Effect of fidelity in diagram presentation
BCS-HCI '08 Proceedings of the 22nd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Culture, Creativity, Interaction - Volume 1
Recognizing interspersed sketches quickly
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009
Recognition of hand drawn chemical diagrams
AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Using a geometric-based sketch recognition approach to sketch Chinese radicals
AAAI'08 Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3
Resolving ambiguities to create a natural computer-based sketching environment
IJCAI'01 Proceedings of the 17th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
LADDER, a sketching language for user interface developers
Computers and Graphics
Recognition and beautification of multi-stroke symbols in digital ink
Computers and Graphics
A visual approach to sketched symbol recognition
IJCAI'09 Proceedings of the 21st international jont conference on Artifical intelligence
A sketch recognition interface that recognizes hundreds of shapes in course-of-action diagrams
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A lightweight multistroke recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Computing confidence values for geometric constraints for use in sketch recognition
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Rethinking pen input interaction: enabling freehand sketching through improved primitive recognition
Rethinking pen input interaction: enabling freehand sketching through improved primitive recognition
SOUSA: sketch-based online user study applet
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
CogSketch: open-domain sketch understanding for cognitive science research and for education
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
HBF49 feature set: A first unified baseline for online symbol recognition
Pattern Recognition
Gestures as point clouds: a $P recognizer for user interface prototypes
Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimodal interaction
Writing and sketching in the air, recognizing and controlling on the fly
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supervised machine learning for grouping sketch diagram strokes
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Recognition of multi-touch drawn sketches
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: interaction modalities and techniques - Volume Part IV
Understanding the consistency of users' pen and finger stroke gesture articulation
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2013
IMISketch: An interactive method for sketch recognition
Pattern Recognition Letters
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Sketch recognition attempts to interpret the hand-sketched markings made by users on an electronic medium. Through recognition, sketches and diagrams can be interpreted and sent to simulators or other meaningful analyzers. Primitives are the basic building block shapes used by high-level visual grammars to describe the symbols of a given sketch domain. However, one limitation of these primitive recognizers is that they often only support basic shapes drawn with a single stroke. Furthermore, recognizers that do support multistroke primitives place additional constraints on users, such as temporal timeouts or modal button presses to signal shape completion. The goal of this research is twofold. First, we wanted to determine the drawing habits of most users. Our studies found multistroke primitives to be more prevalent than multiple primitives drawn in a single stroke. Additionally, our studies confirmed that threading is less frequent when there are more sides to a figure. Next, we developed an algorithm that is capable of recognizing multistroke primitives without requiring special drawing constraints. The algorithm uses a graph-building and search technique that takes advantage of Tarjan's linear search algorithm, along with principles to determine the goodness of a fit. Our novel, constraint-free recognizer achieves accuracy rates of 96% on freely-drawn primitives.