Clarifying the distinction between lexical and gestural commands
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Specifying gestures by example
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visual similarity of pen gestures
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A domain-independent system for sketch recognition
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Sketch pad a man-machine graphical communication system
DAC '64 Proceedings of the SHARE design automation workshop
Perceptually-supported image editing of text and graphics
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketch based interfaces: early processing for sketch understanding
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
"Those look similar!" issues in automating gesture design advice
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on Perceptive user interfaces
Hierarchical parsing and recognition of hand-sketched diagrams
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A curvature estimation for pen input segmentation in sketch-based modeling
Computer-Aided Design
LADDER, a sketching language for user interface developers
Computers and Graphics
Free-sketch recognition: putting the chi in sketching
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Lineogrammer: creating diagrams by drawing
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sketch-based educational games: "drawing" kids away from traditional interfaces
IDC '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Interaction design and children
Automatic evaluation of sketch recognizers
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Sort, merge, repeat: an algorithm for effectively finding corners in hand-sketched strokes
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Revisiting ShortStraw: improving corner finding in sketch-based interfaces
Proceedings of the 6th Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
GLADDER: combining gesture and geometric sketch recognition
AAAI'08 Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3
Eliminating false positives during corner finding by merging similar segments
AAAI'08 Proceedings of the 23rd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 3
Intelligent understanding of handwritten geometry theorem proving
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Multimodal interaction with an autonomous forklift
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
A model-based recognition engine for sketched diagrams
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
LAMPS: A sketch recognition-based teaching tool for Mandarin Phonetic Symbols I
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
iCanDraw: using sketch recognition and corrective feedback to assist a user in drawing human faces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sketch recognition using particle swarm algorithms
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Interactive drawing tools to support modeling of dynamic systems
ICLS '10 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - Volume 2
Interactive drawing tools to support modeling of dynamic systems
ICLS '10 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the Learning Sciences - Volume 2
The colour sketch recognition interface for training systems
ICCVG'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision and graphics: Part I
Computing confidence values for geometric constraints for use in sketch recognition
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
The power of automatic feature selection: Rubine on steroids
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Rata.SSR: data mining for pertinent stroke recognizers
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
Sketch-based recognition system for general articulated skeletal figures
Proceedings of the Seventh Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling Symposium
ChemInk: a natural real-time recognition system for chemical drawings
Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
IEA/AIE'10 Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Industrial engineering and other applications of applied intelligent systems - Volume Part I
Noisy password scheme: a new one time password system
SSIP '09/MIV'09 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on signal, speech and image processing, and 9th WSEAS international conference on Multimedia, internet & video technologies
Technical Section: SpeedSeg: A technique for segmenting pen strokes using pen speed
Computers and Graphics
Defining precise measurements with sketched annotations
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
ClassySeg: a machine learning approach to automatic stroke segmentation
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Combining corners from multiple segmenters
Proceedings of the Eighth Eurographics Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Recognizing sketched multistroke primitives
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS)
Lg: a computational framework for research in sketch-based interfaces
SG'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Smart graphics
A new paradigm based on agents applied to free-hand sketch recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
PhysicsBook: a sketch-based interface for animating physics diagrams
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
QuickDraw: improving drawing experience for geometric diagrams
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
GestureCommander: continuous touch-based gesture prediction
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Initial approaches for extending sketch recognition to beyond-surface environments
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using scribble gestures to enhance editing behaviors of sketch recognition systems
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sketched symbol recognition with auto-completion
Pattern Recognition
Sketch recognition algorithms for comparing complex and unpredictable shapes
IJCAI'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume Volume Three
RedDog: a smart sketch interface for autonomous aerial systems
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
I don't believe my eyes!: geometric sketch recognition for a computer art tutorial
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
RATA: codeless generation of gesture recognizers
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
ShortStraw: a simple and effective corner finder for polylines
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
From paper to machine: extracting strokes from images for use in sketch recognition
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
SOUSA: sketch-based online user study applet
SBM'08 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Query-adaptive shape topic mining for hand-drawn sketch recognition
Proceedings of the 20th ACM international conference on Multimedia
A region-based method for sketch map segmentation
GREC'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Graphics Recognition: new trends and challenges
Supervised machine learning for grouping sketch diagram strokes
Proceedings of the International Symposium on Sketch-Based Interfaces and Modeling
Interpretation of strokes in radial menus: The case of the KeyScretch text entry method
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Physink: sketching physical behavior
Proceedings of the adjunct publication of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Relative accuracy measures for stroke gestures
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
Recognition of multi-touch drawn sketches
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-Computer Interaction: interaction modalities and techniques - Volume Part IV
Expertise estimation based on simple multimodal features
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
Adapting surface sketch recognition techniques for surfaceless sketches
IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
A practical framework for constructing structured drawings
Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Proceedings of the companion publication of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User Interfaces
Technical Section: A machine learning approach to automatic stroke segmentation
Computers and Graphics
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Sketching is a natural form of human communication and has become an increasingly popular tool for interacting with user interfaces. In order to facilitate the integration of sketching into traditional user interfaces, we must first develop accurate ways of recognizing users' intentions while providing feedback to catch recognition problems early in the sketching process. One approach to sketch recognition has been to recognize low-level primitives and then hierarchically construct higher-level shapes based on geometric constraints defined by the user, however, current low-level recognizers only handle a few number of primitive shapes. We propose a new low-level recognition and beautification system that can recognize eight primitive shapes, as well as combinations of these primitives, with recognition rates at 98.56%. Our system also automatically generates beautified versions of these shapes to provide feedback early in the sketching process. In addition to looking at geometric perception, much of our recognition success can be attributed to two new features, along with a new ranking algorithm, which have proven to be significant in distinguishing polylines from curved segments.