Machine translation: a view from the Lexicon
Machine translation: a view from the Lexicon
Software—Practice & Experience
Arabic morphology generation using a concatenative strategy
NAACL 2000 Proceedings of the 1st North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics conference
Arabic morphological analysis techniques: a comprehensive survey
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Hierarchical lexical structure and interpretive mapping in machine translation
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 4
Arabic finite-state morphological analysis and generation
COLING '96 Proceedings of the 16th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Arabic GramCheck: a grammar checker for Arabic: Research Articles
Software—Practice & Experience
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Domain portability in speech-to-speech translation
HLT '01 Proceedings of the first international conference on Human language technology research
Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Speechalator: two-way speech-to-speech translation in your hand
NAACL-Demonstrations '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology: Demonstrations - Volume 4
Statistical phrase-based translation
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
Balancing expressiveness and simplicity in an interlingua for task based dialogue
S2S '02 Proceedings of the ACL-02 workshop on Speech-to-speech translation: algorithms and systems - Volume 7
Soup: a parser for real-world spontaneous speech
New developments in parsing technology
Grammatical machine translation
HLT-NAACL '06 Proceedings of the main conference on Human Language Technology Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association of Computational Linguistics
HLT '02 Proceedings of the second international conference on Human Language Technology Research
Moses: open source toolkit for statistical machine translation
ACL '07 Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the ACL on Interactive Poster and Demonstration Sessions
Arabic Natural Language Processing: Challenges and Solutions
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP)
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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The interlingual approach to machine translation (MT) is used successfully in multilingual translation. It aims to achieve the translation task in two independent steps. First, meanings of the source-language sentences are represented in an intermediate language-independent (Interlingua) representation. Then, sentences of the target language are generated from those meaning representations. Arabic natural language processing in general is still underdeveloped and Arabic natural language generation (NLG) is even less developed. In particular, Arabic NLG from Interlinguas was only investigated using template-based approaches. Moreover, tools used for other languages are not easily adaptable to Arabic due to the language complexity at both the morphological and syntactic levels. In this paper, we describe a rule-based generation approach for task-oriented Interlingua-based spoken dialogue that transforms a relatively shallow semantic interlingual representation, called interchange format (IF), into Arabic text that corresponds to the intentions underlying the speaker's utterances. This approach addresses the handling of the problems of Arabic syntactic structure determination, and Arabic morphological and syntactic generation within the Interlingual MT approach. The generation approach is developed primarily within the framework of the NESPOLE! (NEgotiating through SPOken Language in E-commerce) multilingual speech-to-speech MT project. The IF-to-Arabic generator is implemented in SICStus Prolog. We conducted evaluation experiments using the input and output from the English analyzer that was developed by the NESPOLE! team at Carnegie Mellon University. The results of these experiments were promising and confirmed the ability of the rule-based approach in generating Arabic translation from the Interlingua taken from the travel and tourism domain.