Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 1: foundations
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming: on the programming of computers by means of natural selection
Genetic programming II: automatic discovery of reusable programs
Genetic programming II: automatic discovery of reusable programs
Evolution of corridor following behavior in a noisy world
SAB94 Proceedings of the third international conference on Simulation of adaptive behavior : from animals to animats 3: from animals to animats 3
Genetically optimizing the speed of programs evolved to play tetris
Advances in genetic programming
Genetic programming: an introduction: on the automatic evolution of computer programs and its applications
Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control
Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control
Off-Line Evolution of Behaviour for Autonomous Agents in Real-Time Computer Games
PPSN VII Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Parallel Problem Solving from Nature
Genetic Programming for Robot Soccer
RoboCup 2001: Robot Soccer World Cup V
Evolving controllers for simulated car racing using object oriented genetic programming
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
A phenotypic analysis of GP-evolved team behaviours
Proceedings of the 9th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Evolution of Agent, Remotely Operating a Scale Model of a Car Through a Latent Video Feedback
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Evolving predator and prey behaviours with co-evolution using genetic programming and decision trees
Proceedings of the 10th annual conference companion on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Generality versus size in genetic programming
GECCO '96 Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Optimized sensory-motor couplings plus strategy extensions for the TORCS car racing challenge
CIG'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Intelligence and Games
GP-Robocode: using genetic programming to evolve robocode players
EuroGP'05 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming
Evolving defence strategies by genetic programming
EuroGP'05 Proceedings of the 8th European conference on Genetic Programming
Optimized sensory-motor couplings plus strategy extensions for the TORCS car racing challenge
CIG'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Intelligence and Games
Learning, evolution and adaptation in racing games
Proceedings of the 9th conference on Computing Frontiers
An evolutionary tuned driving system for virtual car racing games: The AUTOPIA driver
International Journal of Intelligent Systems
Genetic programming needs better benchmarks
Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Advanced overtaking behaviors for blocking opponents in racing games using a fuzzy architecture
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
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Computational gaming requires the automatic generation of virtual opponents for different game levels. We have turned to artificial evolution to automatically generate such game players. In particular, we have used Genetic Programming to automatically evolve computer programs for computer gaming. With Genetic Programming, in theory, it is possible to generate any kind of program. The programs are not constrained as much as they are in other computational learning approaches, e.g. neural networks. We show how Genetic Programming improved upon a manually crafted race car driver (proportional controller). The open race car simulator TORCS was used to evaluate the virtual drivers.