Flocks, herds and schools: A distributed behavioral model
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Group Behaviors for Systems with Significant Dynamics
Autonomous Robots
Intuitive Crowd Behaviour in Dense Urban Environments using Local Laws
TPCG '03 Proceedings of the Theory and Practice of Computer Graphics 2003
Introduction To Game Development (Game Development)
Introduction To Game Development (Game Development)
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Behavior planning for character animation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Interactive motion correction and object manipulation
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Controlling individual agents in high-density crowd simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Group behavior from video: a data-driven approach to crowd simulation
SCA '07 Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Real-time navigation of independent agents using adaptive roadmaps
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Interactive navigation of multiple agents in crowded environments
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Relaxed Steering towards Oriented Region Goals
Motion in Games
Egocentric affordance fields in pedestrian steering
Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
SteerBench: a benchmark suite for evaluating steering behaviors
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds - International Workshop Motion in Games (MIG08)
CA-LOD: Collision Avoidance Level of Detail for Scalable, Controllable Crowds
MIG '09 Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Motion in Games
Scenario space: characterizing coverage, quality, and failure of steering algorithms
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Improved benchmarking for steering algorithms
MIG'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Motion in Games
ADAPT: the agent development and prototyping testbed
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Multi-domain real-time planning in dynamic environments
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Sound localization and multi-modal steering for autonomous virtual agents
Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
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Next-generation steering algorithms will need to support thousands of believable individual agents, capable of steering in very challenging situations with low-latency reactions. In this paper we propose a steering framework that offers three key contributions: (a) It integrates several models of steering into a single steering decision, (b) it employs a novel space-time planning approach to allow agents to steer during complex local interactions, and (c) it varies the frequency of update of each component (phase) of the framework to drastically improve performance. We demonstrate the versatility and robustness of our framework using a large number of test cases. We also show that the frequency of updates for each phase of the framework can be "decimated" by a surprisingly large amount before resulting steering behaviors degrade. This technique achieves more than a 5x performance improvement, allowing the use of better, more costly algorithms for robust steering, while supporting thousands of agents with low-latency reactions in real-time.