The Use of Feedback in Multiprocessors and Its Application to Tree Saturation Control
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Self-Tuned Congestion Control for Multiprocessor Networks
HPCA '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks
Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks
HPCA '05 Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on High-Performance Computer Architecture
A Family of Mechanisms for Congestion Control in Wormhole Networks
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Design tradeoffs for tiled CMP on-chip networks
Proceedings of the 20th annual international conference on Supercomputing
Access Regulation to Hot-Modules in Wormhole NoCs
NOCS '07 Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip
Flattened Butterfly Topology for On-Chip Networks
IEEE Computer Architecture Letters
Congestion management for non-blocking clos networks
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Design of High-Radix Clos Network-on-Chip
NOCS '10 Proceedings of the 2010 Fourth ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Networks-on-Chip
Data mining MPSoC simulation traces to identify concurrent memory access patterns
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Direct distributed memory access for CMPs
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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Hotspot congestion control is one of the most challenging issues when designing a high-throughput low-latency network on the chip (NOC). When a destination node is overloaded, it starts pushing back the packets destined for it, which in turns blocks the packets destined for other nodes. How to detect the occurrence(s) of hotspot and notify all source nodes to regulate their traffic to the hotspot node(s) can be quite complex because of potentially high volume of information to be collected and the non-negligible latency between the detection point of congestion and the source nodes. In this paper, we propose an effective end-to-end flow control scheme, called HOPE (HOtspot PrEvention), to resolve the hotspot congestion problem for the Clos network on the chip (CNOC). Specifically, HOPE regulates the injected traffic rate proactively by estimating the number of packets inside the switch network destined for each destination and applying a simple stop-and-go protocol to prevent hotspot traffic from jamming the internal links of the network. We evaluate HOPE's overall performance and the required hardware. Extensive simulation results based on both static and dynamic hotspot traffic patterns confirm that HOPE can effectively regulate hotspot flows and improve system performance. Our hardware analysis shows that HOPE has very small logic overhead.