Voltage scheduling problem for dynamically variable voltage processors
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Power efficiency of voltage scaling in multiple clock, multiple voltage cores
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Virtual simple architecture (VISA): exceeding the complexity limit in safe real-time systems
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Quasi-Static Voltage Scaling for Energy Minimization with Time Constraints
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Energy-Aware Task Allocation for Rate Monotonic Scheduling
RTAS '05 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE Real Time on Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Intra-task scenario-aware voltage scheduling
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
DRAMsim: a memory system simulator
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News - Special issue: dasCMP'05
Optimizing intra-task voltage scheduling using data flow analysis
Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Energy-aware scheduling for real-time multiprocessor systems with uncertain task execution time
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Hardware support for WCET analysis of hard real-time multicore systems
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
IA^3: An Interference Aware Allocation Algorithm for Multicore Hard Real-Time Systems
RTAS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
An Analyzable Memory Controller for Hard Real-Time CMPs
IEEE Embedded Systems Letters
Thermal Aware Processor Operation Point Management
UCC '12 Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE/ACM Fifth International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing
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Power demand grows much faster than battery capacity in embedded systems. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) has been shown to be extremely efficient to save energy due to the exponential dependence of power on voltage. However, voltage/frequency cannot be blindly scaled in hard real-time systems because DVFS techniques impact on the execution time, and so potentially on the worst-case execution time (WCET) of tasks. This paper presents a new DVFS technique for hard real-time systems that measures dynamically the intra-task slack existing between the actual execution time of a task and its WCET estimation, and exploits it to perform DVFS guaranteeing that the WCET is not affected. Concretely, our approach exploits the slack available due to contention in the use of shared resources in a multi-core system.