Run-time power estimation in high performance microprocessors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Managing energy and server resources in hosting centers
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
The benefits of event: driven energy accounting in power-sensitive systems
EW 9 Proceedings of the 9th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop: beyond the PC: new challenges for the operating system
Run-time modeling and estimation of operating system power consumption
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Runtime Power Monitoring in High-End Processors: Methodology and Empirical Data
Proceedings of the 36th annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Power prediction for intel XScale® processors using performance monitoring unit events
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Techniques for Multicore Thermal Management: Classification and New Exploration
Proceedings of the 33rd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
SPEC CPU2006 benchmark descriptions
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Balancing power consumption in multiprocessor systems
Proceedings of the 1st ACM SIGOPS/EuroSys European Conference on Computer Systems 2006
Subsetting the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Analysis of redundancy and application balance in the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark suite
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy management for hypervisor-based virtual machines
ATC'07 2007 USENIX Annual Technical Conference on Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Real time power estimation and thread scheduling via performance counters
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
Virtual machine power metering and provisioning
Proceedings of the 1st ACM symposium on Cloud computing
Decomposable and responsive power models for multicore processors using performance counters
Proceedings of the 24th ACM International Conference on Supercomputing
Editorial: Special section: Green computing
Future Generation Computer Systems
Layered Green Performance Indicators
Future Generation Computer Systems
POTRA: a framework for building power models for next generation multicore architectures
Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGMETRICS/PERFORMANCE joint international conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems
Virtual machine power measuring technique with bounded error in cloud environments
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Hardware support for accurate per-task energy metering in multicore systems
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
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Virtualized infrastructure providers demand new methods to increase the accuracy of the accounting models used to charge their customers. Future data centers will be composed of many-core systems that will host a large number of virtual machines (VMs) each. While resource utilization accounting can be achieved with existing system tools, energy accounting is a complex task when per-VM granularity is the goal. In this paper, we propose a methodology that brings new opportunities to energy accounting by adding an unprecedented degree of accuracy on the per-VM measurements. We present a system - which leverages CPU and memory power models based in performance monitoring counters (PMCs) - to perform energy accounting in virtualized systems. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we show that PMC-based power modeling methods are still valid on virtualized environments. Second, we show that the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) mechanism, which commonly is used by infrastructure providers to avoid power and thermal emergencies, does not affect the accuracy of the models. And third, we introduce a novel methodology for accounting of energy consumption in virtualized systems. Accounting is done on a per-VM basis, even in the case where multiple VMs are deployed on top of the same physical hardware, bypassing the limitations of per-server aggregated power metering. Overall, the results for an Intel^(R) Core(TM) 2 Duo show errors in energy estimations