A framework for understanding the workspace activity of design teams
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
SIBYL: a tool for managing group design rationale
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Supporting communication between designers with artifact-centered evolving information spaces
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Interactive sketching for the early stages of user interface design
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Facilitating communication in software development
Proceedings of the 1st conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, & techniques
DIS '97 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Single display groupware: a model for co-present collaboration
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
gIBIS: a hypertext tool for team design deliberation
HYPERTEXT '87 Proceedings of the ACM conference on Hypertext
Creativity in design activities: the role of analogies in a constrained cognitive environment
C&C '99 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Creativity & cognition
The designers' outpost: a tangible interface for collaborative web site
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Where do web sites come from?: capturing and interacting with design history
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Funky wall: presenting mood boards using gesture, speech and visuals
AVI '08 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
A process-oriented approach to design rationale
Human-Computer Interaction
Getting inspired!: understanding how and why examples are used in creative design practice
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Communication associated with artifacts serves a critical role in the creation, refinement, and selection of conceptual ideas. Despite the close relationship between ideas and surrounding communication, effective integration of these two types of design materials are not well-supported by exiting design tools - resulting in ad-hoc and ineffective strategies for managing communication during the design process. In this paper, we report the results of a contextual inquiry (N=15) aimed at understanding communication practices, its role in the design process, and strategies utilized by designers to manage and utilize communication outcomes in relation to artifacts. Our findings show thatmore than 50% of early design activity consists of three categories of communication (information seeking, brainstorming, and feedback) and communication practice varies as a function of expertise, organizational and social factors. Additionally, novice and freelance designers exhibit greater reliance on online forums to find suitable communication partners to generate and refine ideas whereas experts communicate with other experts or team members for information collection and sharing.