The immediate usability of graffiti
Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '97
Quikwriting: continuous stylus-based text entry
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Predicting text entry speed on mobile phones
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Device independent text input: a rationale and an example
AVI '00 Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Mobile text entry using three keys
Proceedings of the second Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction
KSPC (Keystrokes per Character) as a Characteristic of Text Entry Techniques
Mobile HCI '02 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Mobile Human-Computer Interaction
Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques
CHI '03 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EdgeWrite: a stylus-based text entry method designed for high accuracy and stability of motion
Proceedings of the 16th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
A reduced QWERTY keyboard for mobile text entry
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Alphabetically constrained keypad designs for text entry on mobile devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Qwerty-like 3x4 keypad layouts for mobile phone
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards an adaptive communication aid with text input from ambiguous keyboards
EACL '03 Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
Entering text with a four-button device
COLING '02 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
LetterEase: Improving text entry on a handheld device via letter reassignment
OZCHI '05 Proceedings of the 17th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Citizens Online: Considerations for Today and the Future
Trackball text entry for people with motor impairments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Few-key text entry revisited: mnemonic gestures on four keys
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Alternative text entry using different input methods
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality
Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality
Eye-S: a full-screen input modality for pure eye-based communication
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
Tapulator: a non-visual calculator using natural prefix-free codes
Proceedings of the 14th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
ZoomBoard: a diminutive qwerty soft keyboard using iterative zooming for ultra-small devices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
DigiTaps: eyes-free number entry on touchscreens with minimal audio feedback
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Airwriting: a wearable handwriting recognition system
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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We present what we believe is the most efficient and quickest four-key text entry method available. H4-Writer uses Huffman coding to assign minimized key sequences to letters, with full access to error correction, punctuation, digits, modes, etc. The key sequences are learned quickly, and support eyes-free entry. With KSPC = 2.321, the effort to enter text is comparable to multitap on a mobile phone keypad; yet multitap requires nine keys. In a longitudinal study with six participants, an average text entry speed of 20.4 wpm was observed in the 10th session. Error rates were under 1%. To improve external validity, an extended session was included that required input of punctuation and other symbols. Entry speed dropped only by about 3 wpm, suggesting participants quickly leveraged their acquired skill with H4-Writer to access advanced features.