CONDENSATION—Conditional Density Propagation forVisual Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
Optical Flow Constraints on Deformable Models with Applications to Face Tracking
International Journal of Computer Vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Partitioned Sampling, Articulated Objects, and Interface-Quality Hand Tracking
ECCV '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part II
Parametrized structure from motion for 3D adaptive feedback tracking of faces
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
An Algorithm for Real-Time Stereo Vision Implementation of Head Pose and Gaze Direction Measurement
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
ICCV '95 Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision
Candid Covariance-Free Incremental Principal Component Analysis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Stable Real-Time 3D Tracking Using Online and Offline Information
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Non-Rigid Structure from Motion using non-Parametric Tracking and Non-Linear Optimization
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Head and Facial Animation Tracking using Appearance-Adaptive Models and Particle Filters
CVPRW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshop (CVPRW'04) Volume 10 - Volume 10
An iterative image registration technique with an application to stereo vision
IJCAI'81 Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Adaptive view-based appearance models
CVPR'03 Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
The design of a generic framework for integrating ECA components
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
A Script Driven Multimodal Embodied Conversational Agent Based on a Generic Framework
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Pose-Invariant Facial Expression Recognition Using Variable-Intensity Templates
International Journal of Computer Vision
Person-independent monocular tracking of face and facial actions with multilinear models
AMFG'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Analysis and modeling of faces and gestures
Pose-invariant facial expression recognition using variable-intensity templates
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part I
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
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We propose a new technique for simultaneously executing face deformation modeling and 3D head pose estimation. Previous methods for estimating 3D head pose require a preliminary training stage for the head model, and cannot start tracking the head pose until this stage is complete. In contrast, our proposed method can acquire and refine a user’s deformable head model in parallel with tracking the user’s head pose. This allows progressive improvement in the accuracy of the estimation of head pose and face deformation. Our technique consists of three main steps. In the first step we estimate the 3D head pose using a head model that is obtained automatically. The second step finds true positions of feature points by using the resulting poses of the first step. Finally, the basis vectors of face deformation are calculated from the true positions of feature points to acquire a new deformable head model as a linear combination of the basis vectors. The iteration of the three steps refines the deformable head model, thus improving the accuracy of head pose estimation progressively. The improvement has been successfully demonstrated via experiments.