Optimal combinations of pattern classifiers
Pattern Recognition Letters
On-Line Fingerprint Verification
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Expert Conciliation for Multi Modal Person Authentication Systems by Bayesian Statistics
AVBPA '97 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Information fusion in biometrics
Pattern Recognition Letters - Special issue: Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication (AVBPA 2001)
Communications of the ACM - Multimodal interfaces that flex, adapt, and persist
Large-Scale Evaluation of Multimodal Biometric Authentication Using State-of-the-Art Systems
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Score normalization in multimodal biometric systems
Pattern Recognition
Combining face and iris biometrics for identity verification
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Exploiting global and local decisions for multimodal biometrics verification
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing - Part II
An introduction to biometric recognition
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Information Fusion in Multimedia Information Retrieval
Adaptive Multimedial Retrieval: Retrieval, User, and Semantics
Threshold-optimized decision-level fusion and its application to biometrics
Pattern Recognition
Can feature information interaction help for information fusion in multimedia problems?
Multimedia Tools and Applications
On estimating performance indices for biometric identification
Pattern Recognition
Combining Illumination Normalization Methods for Better Face Recognition
ICB '09 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Biometrics
Multimodal biometrics: state of the art in fusion techniques
International Journal of Biometrics
A method towards biometric feature fusion
International Journal of Biometrics
ICIAP '09 Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing
A feature extraction method for use with bimodal biometrics
Pattern Recognition
Benchmarking quality-dependent and cost-sensitive score-level multimodal biometric fusion algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Special issue on electronic voting
Multibiometric cryptosystem: model structure and performance analysis
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security - Special issue on electronic voting
Biometric fusion: does modeling correlation really matter?
BTAS'09 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE international conference on Biometrics: Theory, applications and systems
Performance evaluation of score level fusion in multimodal biometric systems
Pattern Recognition
On combination of face authentication experts by a mixture of quality dependent fusion classifiers
MCS'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Multiple classifier systems
Multimodal biometric score fusion using Gaussian mixture model and Monte Carlo method
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Score level fusion of multimodal biometrics using triangular norms
Pattern Recognition Letters
MCS'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Multiple classifier systems
Biometric recognition: how do i know who you are?
ICIAP'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Image Analysis and Processing
A new hybrid and dynamic fusion of multiple experts for intelligent porch system
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Local expert forest of score fusion for video event classification
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part V
Multimodal biometric system based on hand geometry, palmprint and signature
Proceedings of the 5th ACM COMPUTE Conference: Intelligent & scalable system technologies
Fusion of finger types for fingerprint indexing using minutiae quadruplets
Pattern Recognition Letters
Biometric fusion by simulated annealing
International Journal of Knowledge-based and Intelligent Engineering Systems
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A multimodal biometric system integrates information from multiple biometric sources to compensate for the limitations in performance of each individual biometric system. We propose an optimal framework for combining the matching scores from multiple modalities using the likelihood ratio statistic computed using the generalized densities estimated from the genuine and impostor matching scores. The motivation for using generalized densities is that some parts of the score distributions can be discrete in nature; thus, estimating the distribution using continuous densities may be inappropriate. We present two approaches for combining evidence based on generalized densities: (i) the product rule, which assumes independence between the individual modalities, and (ii) copula models, which consider the dependence between the matching scores of multiple modalities. Experiments on the MSU and NIST multimodal databases show that both fusion rules achieve consistently high performance without adjusting for optimal weights for fusion and score normalization on a case-by-case basis.