The complexity of propositional linear temporal logics
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Protocol validation in complex systems
SIGCOMM '89 Symposium proceedings on Communications architectures & protocols
An attack on the Needham-Schroeder public-key authentication protocol
Information Processing Letters
Formal Methods in System Design - Special issue on The First Federated Logic Conference (FLOC'96), part II
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An Optimal Algorithm for Monte Carlo Estimation
SIAM Journal on Computing
Using encryption for authentication in large networks of computers
Communications of the ACM
An abstract Monte-Carlo method for the analysis of probabilistic programs
POPL '01 Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
JMOCHA: a model checking tool that exploits design structure
ICSE '01 Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Software Engineering
Randomization Helps in LTL Model Checking
PAPM-PROBMIV '01 Proceedings of the Joint International Workshop on Process Algebra and Probabilistic Methods, Performance Modeling and Verification
Breaking and Fixing the Needham-Schroeder Public-Key Protocol Using FDR
TACAs '96 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Tools and Algorithms for Construction and Analysis of Systems
Probabilistic Simulations for Probabilistic Processes
CONCUR '94 Proceedings of the Concurrency Theory
Specification and verification of concurrent systems in CESAR
Proceedings of the 5th Colloquium on International Symposium on Programming
On the Random Walk Method for Protocol Testing
CAV '94 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Verifying Continuous Time Markov Chains
CAV '96 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
PRISM: Probabilistic Symbolic Model Checker
TOOLS '02 Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computer Performance Evaluation, Modelling Techniques and Tools
Design and Synthesis of Synchronization Skeletons Using Branching-Time Temporal Logic
Logic of Programs, Workshop
Protocol Development Success Stories: Part 1
Proceedings of the IFIP TC6/WG6.1 Twelth International Symposium on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification XII
Probabilistic Verification of Discrete Event Systems Using Acceptance Sampling
CAV '02 Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification
Compositional Analysis of Expected Delays in Networks of Probabilistic I/O Automata
LICS '98 Proceedings of the 13th Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
A Probabilistic Approach to Automatic Verification of Concurrent Systems
APSEC '01 Proceedings of the Eighth Asia-Pacific on Software Engineering Conference
VESTA: A Statistical Model-checker and Analyzer for Probabilistic Systems
QEST '05 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Quantitative Evaluation of Systems
TACAS'05 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
Enhancing random walk state space exploration
Proceedings of the 10th international workshop on Formal methods for industrial critical systems
Uniform random sampling of traces in very large models
Proceedings of the 1st international workshop on Random testing
Statistical probabilistic model checking with a focus on time-bounded properties
Information and Computation
Parallel Randomized State-Space Search
ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
Evaluating Complex MAC Protocols for Sensor Networks with APMC
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Achieving both model and code coverage with automated gray-box testing
Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Advances in model-based testing
Formal analysis techniques for gossiping protocols
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review - Gossip-based computer networking
Effective random testing of concurrent programs
Proceedings of the twenty-second IEEE/ACM international conference on Automated software engineering
Race directed random testing of concurrent programs
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Resource-Aware Verification Using Randomized Exploration of Large State Spaces
SPIN '08 Proceedings of the 15th international workshop on Model Checking Software
Randomized active atomicity violation detection in concurrent programs
Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGSOFT International Symposium on Foundations of software engineering
Formal Verification Based on Guided Random Walks
IFM '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Integrated Formal Methods
Exploration of the robustness of plans
AAAI'06 Proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
A Bayesian Approach to Model Checking Biological Systems
CMSB '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology
Distribution, Approximation and Probabilistic Model Checking
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science (ENTCS)
Monte-carlo techniques for falsification of temporal properties of non-linear hybrid systems
Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on Hybrid systems: computation and control
Bayesian statistical model checking with application to Simulink/Stateflow verification
Proceedings of the 13th ACM international conference on Hybrid systems: computation and control
Complexity in simplicity: flexible agent-based state space exploration
TACAS'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems
Deep random search for efficient model checking of timed automata
Proceedings of the 13th Monterey conference on Composition of embedded systems: scientific and industrial issues
Model checking-based genetic programming with an application to mutual exclusion
TACAS'08/ETAPS'08 Proceedings of the Theory and practice of software, 14th international conference on Tools and algorithms for the construction and analysis of systems
My model checker died!: how well did it do?
Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Quantitative Stochastic Models in the Verification and Design of Software Systems
Statistical model checking: an overview
RV'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Runtime verification
Verification of an AFDX infrastructure using simulations and probabilities
RV'10 Proceedings of the First international conference on Runtime verification
Analog circuit verification by statistical model checking
Proceedings of the 16th Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Uniform Monte-Carlo model checking
FASE'11/ETAPS'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Fundamental approaches to software engineering: part of the joint European conferences on theory and practice of software
Checking models, proving programs, and testing systems
TAP'11 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Tests and proofs
A hybrid factored frontier algorithm for dynamic Bayesian network models of biopathways
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology
Statistical model checking for cyber-physical systems
ATVA'11 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Automated technology for verification and analysis
ICTSS'11 Proceedings of the 23rd IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Testing software and systems
Extended directed search for probabilistic timed reachability
FORMATS'06 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Formal Modeling and Analysis of Timed Systems
Bounded rational search for on-the-fly model checking of LTL properties
FSEN'09 Proceedings of the Third IPM international conference on Fundamentals of Software Engineering
Formal methods and testing: hypotheses, and correctness approximations
FM'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Formal Methods
TACAS'05 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems
Statistical abstraction and model-checking of large heterogeneous systems
FMOODS'10/FORTE'10 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference and 30th IFIP WG 6.1 international conference on Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems
Concurrency, Compositionality, and Correctness
Falsification of temporal properties of hybrid systems using the cross-entropy method
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control
Rare-event verification for stochastic hybrid systems
Proceedings of the 15th ACM international conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control
ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM)
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NFM'12 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on NASA Formal Methods
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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)
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ISoLA'12 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: technologies for mastering change - Volume Part I
Probabilistic Temporal Logic Falsification of Cyber-Physical Systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS) - Special Section on Probabilistic Embedded Computing
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CAV'13 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Computer Aided Verification
Bayesian statistical model checking with application to Stateflow/Simulink verification
Formal Methods in System Design
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We present MC2, what we believe to be the first randomized, Monte Carlo algorithm for temporal-logic model checking. Given a specification S of a finite-state system, an LTL formula ϕ, and parameters ε and δ, MC2 takes M = ln (δ) / ln (1 – ε) random samples (random walks ending in a cycle, i.e lassos) from the Büchi automaton B=BS ×B¬ϕ. to decide if L(B) = ∅. Let pZ be the expectation of an accepting lasso in B. Should a sample reveal an accepting lasso l, MC2 returns false with l as a witness. Otherwise, it returns true and reports that the probability of finding an accepting lasso through further sampling, under the assumption that pZ ≥ ε, is less than δ. It does so in time O(MD) and space O(D), where D is B's recurrence diameter, using an optimal number of samples M. Our experimental results demonstrate that MC2 is fast, memory-efficient, and scales extremely well.