Recognizing Human Facial Expressions From Long Image Sequences Using Optical Flow
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Affective computing
Fast training of support vector machines using sequential minimal optimization
Advances in kernel methods
Toward Machine Emotional Intelligence: Analysis of Affective Physiological State
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence - Graph Algorithms and Computer Vision
ICALT '01 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Pattern Classification (2nd Edition)
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems)
Verbal and non-verbal cues in the communication of emotions
ICASSP '00 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 04
Toward an Affect-Sensitive AutoTutor
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Automatic detection of learner's affect from conversational cues
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
AI '09 Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Joint Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
AutoTutor: an intelligent tutoring system with mixed-initiative dialogue
IEEE Transactions on Education
Affect detection from multichannel physiology during learning sessions with AutoTutor
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
Multimodal affect detection from physiological and facial features during ITS interaction
AIED'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Artificial intelligence in education
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Hybrid fusion approach for detecting affects from multichannel physiology
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part I
Siento: an experimental platform for behavior and psychophysiology in HCI
ACII'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Affective computing and intelligent interaction - Volume Part II
Modelling empathy in social robotic companions
UMAP'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Advances in User Modeling
Categorical vs. dimensional representations in multimodal affect detection during learning
ITS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special issue on highlights of the decade in interactive intelligent systems
Words that Fascinate the Listener: Predicting Affective Ratings of On-Line Lectures
International Journal of Distance Education Technologies
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We investigate how positive, neutral and negative feedback responses from an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) influences learners' affect and physiology. AutoTutor, an ITS with conversational dialogues, was used by learners (n=16) while their physiological signals (heart signal, facial muscle signal and skin conductivity) were recorded. Learners were asked to self-report the cognitive-affective states they experienced during their interactions with AutoTutor via a retrospective judgment protocol immediately after the tutorial session. Statistical analysis (Chi-square) indicated that tutor feedback and learner affect were related. The results revealed that after receiving positive feedback from AutoTutor, learners mostly experienced ‘delight' while surprise was experienced after negative feedback. We also classified physiological signals based on the tutor's feedback (Negative vs. Non-Negative) with a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The classification accuracy, ranged from 42% to 84%, and was above the baseline for 10 learners.