A numerically stable fragile watermarking scheme for authenticating 3D models
Computer-Aided Design
Local Patch Blind Spectral Watermarking Method for 3D Graphics
IWDW '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Digital Watermarking
Robust blind watermarking of point-sampled geometry
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Blind robust 3-D mesh watermarking based on oblate spheroidal harmonics
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Blind robust watermarking of 3d motion data
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
A Reversible Watermarking Scheme for 3D Meshes
AMT '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Active Media Technology
Blind and robust mesh watermarking using manifold harmonics
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
A highly adaptable capacity and invisibility 3D watermarking based on four-points sets
Proceedings of the 12th ACM workshop on Multimedia and security
Technical Section: Robust and blind mesh watermarking based on volume moments
Computers and Graphics
A robust blind audio watermarking using distribution of sub-band signals
MRCS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Multimedia Content Representation, Classification and Security
A blind watermarking for 3-d dynamic mesh model using distribution of temporal wavelet coefficients
MRCS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Multimedia Content Representation, Classification and Security
Robust 3D mesh model hashing based on feature object
Digital Signal Processing
A robust high-capacity affine-transformation-invariant scheme for watermarking 3D geometric models
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP) - Special Issue on Multimedia Security
Lossless visible three-dimensional watermark of digital elevation model data
Transactions on Edutainment VIII
A curvature tensor distance for mesh visual quality assessment
ICCVG'12 Proceedings of the 2012 international conference on Computer Vision and Graphics
Blind robust watermarking mechanism based on maxima curvature of 3d motion data
IH'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information Hiding
Double watermarks of 3D mesh model based on feature segmentation and redundancy information
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Although it has been known that oblivious (or blind) watermarking schemes are less robust than nonoblivious ones, they are more useful for various applications where a host signal is not available in the watermark detection procedure. From a viewpoint of oblivious watermarking for a three-dimensional (3-D) polygonal mesh model, distortionless attacks, such as similarity transforms and vertex reordering, might be more serious than distortion attacks including adding noise, smoothing, simplification, remeshing, clipping, and so on. Clearly, it is required to develop an oblivious watermarking that is robust against distortionless as well as distortion attacks. In this paper, we propose two oblivious watermarking methods for 3-D polygonal mesh models, which modify the distribution of vertex norms according to the watermark bit to be embedded. One method is to shift the mean value of the distribution and another is to change its variance. Histogram mapping functions are introduced to modify the distribution. These mapping functions are devised to reduce the visibility of watermark as much as possible. Since the statistical features of vertex norms are invariant to the distortionless attacks, the proposed methods are robust against such attacks. In addition, our methods employ an oblivious watermark detection scheme, which can extract the watermark without referring to the cover mesh model. Through simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed approaches are remarkably robust against distortionless attacks. In addition, they are fairly robust against various distortion attacks