SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pupillary responses to emotionally provocative stimuli
ETRA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Messages embedded in gaze of interface agents --- impression management with agent's gaze
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Animation of Synthetic Faces in MPEG-4
CA '98 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (Cognitive Technologies)
Life-Like Characters: Tools, Affective Functions, and Applications (Cognitive Technologies)
Xface: MPEG-4 based open source toolkit for 3D Facial Animation
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Modeling gaze behavior for a 3D ECA in a dialogue situation
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Eye communication in a conversational 3D synthetic agent
AI Communications
Parameterized facial expression synthesis based on MPEG-4
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
The design of gaze behavior for embodied social interfaces
CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Effects of avatar's blinking animation on person impressions
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
A model of gaze for the purpose of emotional expression in virtual embodied agents
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 1
Emotionally Expressive Head and Body Movement During Gaze Shifts
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
MPML3D: agent authoring language for virtual worlds
ACE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
Implementing emotion-based user-aware e-learning
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
KI'09 Proceedings of the 32nd annual German conference on Advances in artificial intelligence
Visual attention and eye gaze during multiparty conversations with distractions
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
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Eye movement plays an important role in face to face communication in that it conveys nonverbal information and emotional intent beyond speech. Our research proposes a computational framework that enables virtual agents to convey different emotional expressions to users through eye movement. We build this framework based on eye movement parameters derived from the Kohn-Canade AU(action unit)-Coded Facial Expression Database as well as real-time eye movement data. We also describe a rule-based approach to generate emotional eye movement based on the Geneva Emotion Wheel. We then present one experiment in which subjects evaluated the emotional eye movement generated by this framework. When our proposed model was employed, the results showed a higher rate of recognition of the agent intended emotion, proving the validity of our approach.