An Adaptive Striping Architecture for Flash Memory Storage Systems of Embedded Systems
RTAS '02 Proceedings of the Eighth IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS'02)
FlashCache: a NAND flash memory file cache for low power web servers
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
CFLRU: a replacement algorithm for flash memory
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
On efficient wear leveling for large-scale flash-memory storage systems
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
A log buffer-based flash translation layer using fully-associative sector translation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Endurance enhancement of flash-memory storage systems: an efficient static wear leveling design
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Energy-efficient and performance-enhanced disks using flash-memory cache
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
BPLRU: a buffer management scheme for improving random writes in flash storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Intel® Turbo Memory: Nonvolatile disk caches in the storage hierarchy of mainstream computer systems
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Improving NAND Flash Based Disk Caches
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Design tradeoffs for SSD performance
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Migrating server storage to SSDs: analysis of tradeoffs
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
Write amplification analysis in flash-based solid state drives
SYSTOR '09 Proceedings of SYSTOR 2009: The Israeli Experimental Systems Conference
Architecting phase change memory as a scalable dram alternative
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
A durable and energy efficient main memory using phase change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Scalable high performance main memory system using phase-change memory technology
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Hybrid cache architecture with disparate memory technologies
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Write activity reduction on flash main memory via smart victim cache
Proceedings of the 20th symposium on Great lakes symposium on VLSI
SieveStore: a highly-selective, ensemble-level disk cache for cost-performance
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
NAND Flash-Based Disk Cache Using SLC/MLC Combined Flash Memory
SNAPI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 International Workshop on Storage Network Architecture and Parallel I/Os
FlashVM: virtual memory management on flash
USENIXATC'10 Proceedings of the 2010 USENIX conference on USENIX annual technical conference
IEEE Transactions on Computers
High-Performance Scalable Flash File System Using Virtual Metadata Storage with Phase-Change RAM
IEEE Transactions on Computers
FMCM: a efficient flash memory cache management scheme for energy-efficient disks
Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Cooperating Write Buffer Cache and Virtual Memory Management for Flash Memory Based Systems
RTAS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 17th IEEE Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium
Hystor: making the best use of solid state drives in high performance storage systems
Proceedings of the international conference on Supercomputing
I-CASH: Intelligently Coupled Array of SSD and HDD
HPCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 17th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
ExLRU: a unified write buffer cache management for flash memory
EMSOFT '11 Proceedings of the ninth ACM international conference on Embedded software
Emerging non-volatile memories: opportunities and challenges
CODES+ISSS '11 Proceedings of the seventh IEEE/ACM/IFIP international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
HybridStore: A Cost-Efficient, High-Performance Storage System Combining SSDs and HDDs
MASCOTS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 19th Annual International Symposium on Modelling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
PCM-FTL: A Write-Activity-Aware NAND Flash Memory Management Scheme for PCM-Based Embedded Systems
RTSS '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE 32nd Real-Time Systems Symposium
FAST'12 Proceedings of the 10th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Age-based PCM wear leveling with nearly zero search cost
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
MAC: migration-aware compilation for STT-RAM based hybrid cache in embedded systems
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
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NAND flash memory has been employed as disk cache in recent years. It has the advantages of high performance, low leakage power, and cost efficiency. However, flash memory's performance is limited by the inability of in-place updates, coarse access granularity, and a limited number of write/erase times. In this article, we propose a hybrid nonvolatile disk cache architecture for high-performance and energy-efficient systems, where the disk cache is implemented with a small-size phase change memory (PCM) and a large-size NAND flash memory. Compared with current flash memory-based disk cache, it has the following advantages. (1) System performance is improved as requests are carefully directed between PCM and flash memory; (2) the energy consumption of disk cache is substantially reduced with significant reduction of additional operations, such as garbage collections; (3) the efficiency of flash memory is improved with the reduction of write activities on flash memory; and (4) lifetime of NAND flash memory is increased with most of the write operations assigned to PCM, where PCM's lifetime is guaranteed to be longer than the lifetime of flash memory. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can substantially improve the system performance, energy consumption, and lifetime of the hybrid disk cache.