Pfinder: Real-Time Tracking of the Human Body
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The visual analysis of human movement: a survey
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Learning Patterns of Activity Using Real-Time Tracking
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
W4: Real-Time Surveillance of People and Their Activities
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Non-parametric Model for Background Subtraction
ECCV '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part II
A Hierarchical Approach to Robust Background Subtraction using Color and Gradient Information
MOTION '02 Proceedings of the Workshop on Motion and Video Computing
A Real-Time System for Monitoring of Cyclists and Pedestrians
VS '99 Proceedings of the Second IEEE Workshop on Visual Surveillance
Detecting Moving Shadows: Algorithms and Evaluation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Silhouette Analysis-Based Gait Recognition for Human Identification
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improved Adaptive Gaussian Mixture Model for Background Subtraction
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 2 - Volume 02
Bayesian Modeling of Dynamic Scenes for Object Detection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
On the Removal of Shadows from Images
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Texture-Based Method for Modeling the Background and Detecting Moving Objects
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Efficient adaptive density estimation per image pixel for the task of background subtraction
Pattern Recognition Letters
Shadow detection for moving objects based on texture analysis
Pattern Recognition
A survey of advances in vision-based human motion capture and analysis
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on modeling people: Vision-based understanding of a person's shape, appearance, movement, and behaviour
Efficient hierarchical method for background subtraction
Pattern Recognition
Learning and Removing Cast Shadows through a Multidistribution Approach
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Foreground Detection In Video Using Pixel Layers
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Improving Background Subtraction Based on a Casuistry of Colour-Motion Segmentation Problems
IbPRIA '07 Proceedings of the 3rd Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis, Part II
Fusing Edge Cues to Handle Colour Problems in Image Segmentation
AMDO '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
Understanding dynamic scenes based on human sequence evaluation
Image and Vision Computing
Spatiotemporal Saliency in Dynamic Scenes
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Real-time foreground-background segmentation using codebook model
Real-Time Imaging
Patch-based background initialization in heavily cluttered video
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Motion-based background subtraction using adaptive kernel density estimation
CVPR'04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE computer society conference on Computer vision and pattern recognition
Robust real-time background subtraction based on local neighborhood patterns
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on advanced image processing for defense and security applications
Evaluation of background subtraction techniques for video surveillance
CVPR '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Detecting moving objects, ghosts, and shadows in video streams
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Physical models for moving shadow and object detection in video
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Statistical modeling of complex backgrounds for foreground object detection
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Image change detection algorithms: a systematic survey
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Region-Level Motion-Based Background Modeling and Subtraction Using MRFs
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
A Self-Organizing Approach to Background Subtraction for Visual Surveillance Applications
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Real-Time Discriminative Background Subtraction
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
ViBe: A Universal Background Subtraction Algorithm for Video Sequences
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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This paper presents a novel algorithm for mobile-object segmentation from static background scenes, which is both robust and accurate under most of the common problems found in motion segmentation. In our first contribution, a case analysis of motion segmentation errors is presented taking into account the inaccuracies associated with different cues, namely colour, edge and intensity. Our second contribution is an hybrid architecture which copes with the main issues observed in the case analysis by fusing the knowledge from the aforementioned three cues and a temporal difference algorithm. On one hand, we enhance the colour and edge models to solve not only global and local illumination changes (i.e. shadows and highlights) but also the camouflage in intensity. In addition, local information is also exploited to solve the camouflage in chroma. On the other hand, the intensity cue is applied when colour and edge cues are not available because their values are beyond the dynamic range. Additionally, temporal difference scheme is included to segment motion where those three cues cannot be reliably computed, for example in those background regions not visible during the training period. Lastly, our approach is extended for handling ghost detection. The proposed method obtains very accurate and robust motion segmentation results in multiple indoor and outdoor scenarios, while outperforming the most-referred state-of-art approaches.