Virtual reality for palmtop computers
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Visual instruments for an interactive mural
CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The Everywhere Displays Projector: A Device to Create Ubiquitous Graphical Interfaces
UbiComp '01 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Ubiquitous Computing
Marker Tracking and HMD Calibration for a Video-Based Augmented Reality Conferencing System
IWAR '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality
First Steps Towards Handheld Augmented Reality
ISWC '03 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Interaction Using a Handheld Projector
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A camera-based interface for interaction with mobile handheld computers
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Sweep and point and shoot: phonecam-based interactions for large public displays
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mixed interaction space: designing for camera based interaction with mobile devices
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Foot-based mobile interaction with games
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Handheld projector interaction
Handheld projector interaction
Motionbeam: a metaphor for character interaction with handheld projectors
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hotaru: intuitive manipulation techniques for projected displays of mobile devices
INTERACT'05 Proceedings of the 2005 IFIP TC13 international conference on Human-Computer Interaction
A conceptual framework for camera phone-based interaction techniques
PERVASIVE'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pervasive Computing
Twinkle: Interacting with physical surfaces using handheld projector
VR '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
Designing for mobile interaction with augmented objects
Proceedings of the 2012 International Symposium on Pervasive Displays
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
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With the advent of the portable projector (also embeddable in a smart phone), projection-based augmented reality (AR) will be an attractive form of AR as the augmentation is made directly in the real space (instead of on the video screen). Several interaction methods for such "Procam"-based projection AR systems have been developed, but their comparative usability has not been studied in depth. In this paper, we compared the usability of four representative interaction methods, as applied to the menu selection task, for the handheld projection-based AR. In particular, we explored the possibility of using just one hand for enhanced convenience and mobility. As such, the four menu selection methods chosen for the study were formed by combinations of two types of cursor control (projector cursor vs. on-device touch screen), and two types of object selection (explicit click vs. crossing), all feasible with only one hand. Other considerations included the need for maintaining the stability of the handheld projector and effectively taking advantage of the smart phone as the interaction device. Experimental results have shown that the menu selection task was the most efficient, usable and preferred when the projector cursor with the crossing widget was used. Furthermore, the task performance was not statistically different among using the dominant, non-dominant hand and even both hands.