Using critics to empower users
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supporting the evolution of design artifacts with representations of context and intent
Proceedings of the 1st conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, & techniques
DENIM: finding a tighter fit between tools and practice for Web site design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Two-dimensional spatial positioning as a means for reflection in design
DIS '00 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques
Where do web sites come from?: capturing and interacting with design history
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Variation in element and action: supporting simultaneous development of alternative solutions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Where the wild things work: capturing shared physical design workspaces
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Supporting reflective practice in creativity education
Proceedings of the 5th conference on Creativity & cognition
Proceedings of the 4th decennial conference on Critical computing: between sense and sensibility
Proceedings of the 6th ACM SIGCHI conference on Creativity & cognition
The efficacy of prototyping under time constraints
Proceedings of the seventh ACM conference on Creativity and cognition
Freed: a system for creating multiple views of a digital collection during the design process
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Reflection-in- and -on-action are key elements of creative design. While reflection-in-action has been often studied, reflection-on-action has received less attention. In this paper, we fill this gap by first reporting results from in-depth interviews (N=12) with practicing designers aimed at understanding activities related to reflection-on-action. We found that activities related to reflection-on-action are intentional, repetitive and frequent, design materials are the primary aids for reflective activities, and there is a strong need for better reflection support tools. To address this need, we designed, implemented and evaluated a novel interactive visualization tool -- ReflectionSpace. The tool uses file meta-data and naming conventions to map design materials to the appropriate design phase and context of use and places corresponding representations in a time- and activity-centric visualization that can be navigated at different levels of detail. User feedback from a comparative study reveals that such a representation of design process is more beneficial and preferred relative to the traditional file-centric approach for fostering reflection-on-action.