Communications of the ACM
The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work
The Pattern on the Stone: The Simple Ideas That Make Computers Work
Heterogeneous Chip Multiprocessors
Computer
Physical aware frequency selection for dynamic thermal management in multi-core systems
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Thousand core chips: a technology perspective
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Temperature-aware processor frequency assignment for MPSoCs using convex optimization
CODES+ISSS '07 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Approximation algorithm for the temperature-aware scheduling problem
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Corollaries to Amdahl's Law for Energy
IEEE Computer Architecture Letters
Amdahl's Law in the Multicore Era
Computer
Validity of the single processor approach to achieving large scale computing capabilities
AFIPS '67 (Spring) Proceedings of the April 18-20, 1967, spring joint computer conference
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Reevaluating Amdahl's law in the multicore era
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
On the Interplay of Parallelization, Program Performance, and Energy Consumption
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Performance optimal speed control of multi-core processors under thermal constraints
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Dark silicon and the end of multicore scaling
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Energy consumption modeling for hybrid computing
Euro-Par'12 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Parallel Processing
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The power wall is one of the primary stumbling blocks that many-core microprocessor architecture is facing today. To avoid this problem, microprocessor makers are shifting towards heterogeneous chips that integrate different core architectures on a single die and that have proved to deliver better performance per watt. Moreover, these new hybrid microprocessors are equipped with dynamic frequency-scaling techniques that are capable of reducing total system power consumption. This paper presents a theoretical study on how performance and power consumption are affected by the dynamic frequency-scaling techniques offered by the power constraints imposed on state-of-the-art dual-architecture processors. Analytical schemes have been developed to extend Amdahl's Law by accounting for energy limitations before examining the three processing schemes available to heterogeneous processors: symmetric, asymmetric, and simultaneous asymmetric. Analysis shows that by choosing the optimal chip configuration, power efficiency and energy savings can be increased considerably while keeping sacrifices in performance at tolerable levels.