Split menus: effectively using selection frequency to organize menus
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Supporting command reuse: mechanisms for reuse
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
The “prince” technique: Fitts' law and selection using area cursors
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A comparison of static, adaptive, and adaptable menus
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
EyeDraw: enabling children with severe motor impairments to draw with their eyes
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The bubble cursor: enhancing target acquisition by dynamic resizing of the cursor's activation area
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
An empirical assessment of adaptation techniques
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring the design space for adaptive graphical user interfaces
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Developing steady clicks:: a method of cursor assistance for people with motor impairments
Proceedings of the 8th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
A predictive model of menu performance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Voicedraw: a hands-free voice-driven drawing application for people with motor impairments
Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Predictability and accuracy in adaptive user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The angle mouse: target-agnostic dynamic gain adjustment based on angular deviation
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatically generating personalized user interfaces with Supple
Artificial Intelligence
Characterizing large-scale use of a direct manipulation application in the wild
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Enhanced area cursors: reducing fine pointing demands for people with motor impairments
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Ability-Based Design: Concept, Principles and Examples
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
Crowdsourcing performance evaluations of user interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Effects of Target Expansion on Selection Performance in Older Computer Users
ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS)
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Computer users with impaired dexterity often have difficulty accessing small, densely packed user interface elements. Past research in software-based solutions has mainly employed two approaches: modifying the interface and modifying the interaction with the cursor. Each approach, however, has limitations. Modifying the user interface by enlarging interactive elements makes access efficient for simple interfaces but increases the cost of navigation for complex ones by displacing items to screens that require tabs or scrolling to reach. Modifying the interaction with the cursor makes access possible to unmodified interfaces but may perform poorly on densely packed targets or require the user to perform multiple steps. We developed a new approach that combines the strengths of the existing approaches while minimizing their shortcomings, introducing only minimal distortion to the original interface while making access to frequently used parts of the user interface efficient and access to all other parts possible. We instantiated this concept as Adaptive Click-and-Cross, a novel interaction technique. Our user study demonstrates that, for sufficiently complex interfaces, Adaptive Click-and-Cross slightly improves the performance of users with impaired dexterity compared to only modifying the interface or only modifying the cursor.