CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Affective computing
How Convincing is Mr. Data's Smile: Affective Expressions of Machines
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Interval research corportation
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Communicating facial affect: it's not the realism, it's the motion
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Categorical perception of facial affect: an illusion
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Emotion in human-computer interaction
The human-computer interaction handbook
Categorical imperative NOT: facial affect is perceived continuously
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
Subtle emotional expressions of synthetic characters
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
TelMeA: expressive avatars in asynchronous communications
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: Subtle expressivity for characters and robots
Empathic agents to reduce user frustration: The effects of varying agent characteristics
Interacting with Computers
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
CBR: fuzzified case retrieval approach for facial expression recognition
AIAP'07 Proceedings of the 25th conference on Proceedings of the 25th IASTED International Multi-Conference: artificial intelligence and applications
The Generation of Emotional Expressions for a Text-Based Dialogue Agent
TSD '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue
Fuzzy case-based reasoning for facial expression recognition
Fuzzy Sets and Systems
Designing empathic computers: the effect of multimodal empathic feedback using animated agent
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Persuasive Technology
Gesture-Based affective computing on motion capture data
ACII'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction
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Facial expression of emotion (or “facial affect”) is rapidly becoming an area of intense interest in the computer science and interaction design communities. Ironically, this interest comes at a time when the classic findings on perception of human facial affect are being challenged in the psychological research literature, largely on methodological grounds. This paper presents two studies on perception of facial affect. Experiment 1 provides new data on the recognition of human facial expressions, using experimental methods and analyses designed to systematically address the criticisms and help resolve this controversy. Experiment 2 is a user study on affect in a prototype robot face; the results are compared to the human data of Experiment 1. Together they provide a demonstration of how basic and more applied research can mutually contribute to this rapidly developing field.