CHI '99 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Damaged merchandise? a review of experiments that compare usability evaluation methods
Human-Computer Interaction
Cognitive models of programming-like activity
CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Three levels of metric for evaluating wayfinding
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: 2004 workshop on VR design and evaluation
Information scraps: How and why information eludes our personal information management tools
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The benefits of using a walking interface to navigate virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Examining Individual Differences Effects: An Experimental Approach
HCD 09 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
FAC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Foundations of Augmented Cognition. Neuroergonomics and Operational Neuroscience: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Discourse analysis techniques for modeling group interaction
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
Physical creatures in a digital world
Proceedings of the 29th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics
A shifting boundary: the dynamics of internal cognition and the web as external representation
Proceedings of the 3rd International Web Science Conference
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Memory can be internal or external - knowledge in-the-world or knowledge in-the-head. Making needed information available in an interface may seem the perfect alternative to relying on imperfect memory. However, the rational analysis framework (Anderson, 1990) suggests that least-effort tradeoffs may lead to imperfect performance even when perfect knowledge in-the-world is readily available. The implications of rational analysis for interactive behavior are investigated in two experiments. In experiment 1 we varied the perceptual-motor effort of accessing knowledge in-the-world as well as the cognitive effort of retrieving items from memory. In experiment 2 we replicated one of the experiment 1 conditions to collect eye movement data. The results suggest that milliseconds matter. Least-effort tradeoffs are adopted even when the absolute difference in effort between a perceptual-motor versus a memory strategy is small, and even when adopting a memory strategy results in a higher error rate and lower performance.