I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Evaluating user-computer interaction: a framework
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Children's use of mouse-based interfaces to control virtual travel
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Navigating large virtual spaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on human-virtual environment interaction
Virtual spaces and real world places: transfer of route knowledge
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
How people revisit web pages: empirical findings and implications for the design of history systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Special issue: World Wide Web usability
The effects of hyperlinks on navigation in virtual environments
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Ignoring perfect knowledge in-the-world for imperfect knowledge in-the-head
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Exploring 3D navigation: combining speed-coupled flying with orbiting
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual Prints: leaving trails in virtual environments
EGVE '02 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2002
VE-based training strategies for acquiring survey knowledge
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Visual homing is possible without landmarks: a path integration study in virtual reality
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A Comparative Study of User Performance in a Map-Based Virtual Environment
VR '03 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2003
Virtual Environments for Shipboard Firefighting Training
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Travel in Immersive Virtual Environments: An Evaluation of Viewpoint Motion Control Techniques
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Navigating in Natural Environments: A Virtual Environment Training Transfer Study
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
Fidelity metrics for virtual environment simulations based on spatial memory awareness states
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A visual tool for tracing users' behavior in Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Incorporating knowledge acquisition
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
Effects of Travel Technique on Cognition in Virtual Environments
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
Navigation with Place Representations and Visible Landmarks
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
Navigation and orientation in 3D user interfaces: the impact of navigation aids and landmarks
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The Effect of Trails on First-time and Subsequent Navigation in a Virtual Environment
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Comparing VE Locomotion Interfaces
VR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Conference 2005 on Virtual Reality
Movement around real and virtual cluttered environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Immersive projection technology
Testbed Evaluation of Virtual Environment Interaction Techniques
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Movement in Cluttered Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Worldlets: 3-D Thumbnails for Wayfinding in Large Virtual Worlds
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The Transfer of Spatial Knowledge in Virtual Environment Training
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Navigating Large-Scale “Desk-Top” Virtual Buildings: Effects of Orientation Aids and Familiarity
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The Role of Global and Local Landmarks in Virtual Environment Navigation
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Navigation, Wayfinding, and Place Experience within a Virtual City
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Changes in navigational behaviour produced by a wide field of view and a high fidelity visual scene
EGVE'04 Proceedings of the Tenth Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Optimal information placement in an interactive 3D environment
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Magallanes: 3D navigation for everybody
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia
DS-RT '07 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
Understanding information observation in interactive 3D environments
Sandbox '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Navigation in smart environments using mediated reality tools
Technology and Health Care - Smart Environments: Technology to Support Healthcare
Crafting memorable VR experiences using experiential fidelity
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Discovering 3D surface information values from gameplayers
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications - Special issue title on demystifying visual analytics impaired driving in virtual spaces
Distance based illumination as a navigational aid
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Making first steps in VR: monitoring user progress in virtual travel
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
Distance field illumination: a rendering method to aid in navigation of virtual environments
ISVC'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
Designing navigation and wayfinding in 3D virtual learning spaces
Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
Review: Narrowing gender-based performance gaps in virtual environment navigation
Computers in Human Behavior
Learning to walk in virtual reality
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
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Three levels of virtual environment (VE) metric are proposed, based on: (1) users' task performance (time taken, distance traveled, and number of errors made), (2) physical behavior (locomotion, looking around, and time and error classification), and (3) decision making (i.e., cognitive) rationale (think aloud, interview, and questionnaire). Examples of the use of these metrics are drawn from a detailed review of research into VE wayfinding. A case study from research into the fidelity that is required for efficient VE wayfinding is presented, showing the unsuitability in some circumstances of common metrics of task performance such as time and distance, and the benefits to be gained by making fine-grained analyses of users' behavior. Taken as a whole, the paper highlights the range of techniques that have been successfully used to evaluate wayfinding and explains in detail how some of these techniques may be applied.