Project GROPEHaptic displays for scientific visualization
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adding force feedback to graphics systems: issues and solutions
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A haptic interaction method for volume visualization
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
The haptic display of complex graphical environments
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
CVRMed-MRCAS '97 Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Virtual Reality and Robotics in Medicine and Medial Robotics and Computer-Assisted Surgery
Intermediate representation for stiff virtual objects
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
A constraint-based god-object method for haptic display
IROS '95 Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems-Volume 3 - Volume 3
Real-time haptic sculpting in virtual volume space
VRST '02 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Haptic-dependent navigation & interaction of hybrid virtual models
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
Geometry based haptic interaction with scientific data
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
Direct haptic rendering for large data sets with high gradients
Proceedings of the 2008 Ambi-Sys workshop on Haptic user interfaces in ambient media systems
A Flexible Method for Haptic Rendering of Isosurface from Volumetric Data
EuroHaptics '08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Haptics: Perception, Devices and Scenarios
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With the development of volume visualization methods, we can easily extract meaningful information from volumetric data using interactive graphics and imaging. Haptic interaction of volumetric data adds a new modality to volume visualization that has an advantage in presenting complex attributes of local region. However, the benefits of haptic rendering of volumetric data have only been recognized recently. Most traditional haptic rendering methods are developed to compute realistic interaction force with geometric primitives. Direct volume haptic rendering allows haptic palpation of volumetric data, but lacks of the ability of simulating the contact sensation of stiff embedded implicit surface.In this paper, we propose a direct haptic rendering method for isosurface in volumetric data using a point-based haptic feedback device, without the extraction of the isosurface to geometric representations such as polygons. Our algorithm extends the intermediate representation approach that had been introduced for dealing with complex virtual environment, to haptically render volumetric data. The algorithm uses a virtual plane as an intermediate representation of the implicit isosurface, and computes the point interaction force applied to the haptic interface based on this virtual plane. Using this approach, we are able to gain higher haptic servo rate for volumetric data. It makes maintenance of the stability of the simulation easier, and applicable to noisy data without preprocessing. We have developed our algorithm and tested with synthetic data and medical data, using the PHANToMTM haptic interface.