Principles of traditional animation applied to 3D computer animation
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Unified theories of cognition
The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system
The affective reasoner: a process model of emotions in a multi-agent system
The role of emotion in believable agents
Communications of the ACM
ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing test: entering the Loebner Prize competition
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
Can computer personalities be human personalities?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Affective computing
Story-marking with improvisational puppets
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Improvising linguistic style: social and affective bases for agent personality
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Tigrito: a multi-mode interactive improvisational agent
IUI '98 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
ELIZA—a computer program for the study of natural language communication between man and machine
Communications of the ACM
Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace
Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace
Real Time Responsive Animation with Personality
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Creating Personalities for Synthetic Actors, Towards Autonomous Personality Agents
Put your best face forward: anthropomorphic agents, e-commerce consumers, and the law
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
Believability through context using "knowledge in the world" to create intelligent characters
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
SBIA '02 Proceedings of the 16th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Scripting the Bodies and Minds of Life-Like Characters
PRICAI '02 Proceedings of the 7th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Simulation of work teams using a multi-agent system
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
The blind men and the elephant revisited
From brows to trust
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Human behavior models for agents in simulators and games: part I: enabling science with PMFserv
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
How am I? Guidelines for Animated Interface Agents Evaluation
IAT '06 Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology
DEAL: dialogue management in SCXML for believable game characters
Future Play '07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Future Play
Web Mining in the EVA Intelligent Agent Architecture
WI-IATW '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Workshops
Personalization in an interactive learning environment through a virtual character
Computers & Education
Evolve Individual Agent Strategies to Global Social Law by Hierarchical Immediate Diffusion
Massively Multi-Agent Technology
Do learning styles influence the way students perceive interface agents?
Proceedings of the VIII Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Dialogue management for social game characters using statecharts
ACE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology
The role of learner attributes and affect determining the impact of agent presence
International Journal of Learning Technology
Evolutionary virtual agent at an exhibition
VSMM'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Virtual systems and multimedia
Challenges for virtual humans in human computing
ICMI'06/IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the ICMI 2006 and IJCAI 2007 international conference on Artifical intelligence for human computing
Representing and using character feature rules in automatic story generation
ACOS'06 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS international conference on Applied computer science
Embodied conversational agent based on semantic web
PRIMA'06 Proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim international conference on Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems
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The world of everyday interactions is filled with characters, real or fictitious, and human knowledge of how to make these interactions satisfying and productive relies upon an understanding of character. As agents become more intelligent and more ubiquitous, we may naturally ask how we can endow them with life and personality to make them easier and more gratifying to use. This paper offers a broad definition of “animate character,” and examines the technical and artistic issues involved both in the creation and the evaluation of such systems. We provide example interactions with several character types. The paper concludes with an annotated bibliographic survey of work done in this area.