Improv: a system for scripting interactive actors in virtual worlds
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computer facial animation
Layered compositing of facial expression
ACM SIGGRAPH 97 Visual Proceedings: The art and interdisciplinary programs of SIGGRAPH '97
Synthesizing realistic facial expressions from photographs
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Virtual petz (video session): a hybrid approach to creating autonomous, lifelike dogz and catz
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
Generation of Facial Expressions from Emotion Using a Fuzzy Rule Based System
AI '01 Proceedings of the 14th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
From Virtual Environment to Virtual Community
Proceedings of the Joint JSAI 2001 Workshop on New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence
Generation of Facial Expressions from Emotion Using a Fuzzy Rule Based System
AI '01 Proceedings of the 14th Australian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
ParleE: An Adaptive Plan Based Event Appraisal Model of Emotions
KI '02 Proceedings of the 25th Annual German Conference on AI: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin
High-level control posture of story characters based on personality and emotion
Proceedings of the second Australasian conference on Interactive entertainment
HMM-based synthesis of emotional facial expressions during speech in synthetic talking heads
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Personality and Emotion-Based High-Level Control of Affective Story Characters
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
When and How to Smile: Emotional Expression for 3D Conversational Agents
Agent Computing and Multi-Agent Systems
Exporting vector muscles for facial animation
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
Modeling of layered fuzzy facial expression generation
ICDHM'07 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Digital human modeling
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We propose a fuzzy rule-based system to map representations of the emotional state of an animated agent onto muscle contraction values for the appropriate facial expressions. Our implementation pays special attention to the way in which continuous changes in the intensity of emotions can be displayed smoothly on the graphical face. The rule system we have defined implements the patterns described by psychologists and researchers dealing with facial expressions of humans, including rules for displaying blends of expressions.