Copy detection mechanisms for digital documents
SIGMOD '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Binary decision diagrams and beyond: enabling technologies for formal verification
ICCAD '95 Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Practical legal aspects of software reverse engineering
Communications of the ACM
Efficient coloring of a large spectrum of graphs
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Robust IP watermarking methodologies for physical design
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
Analysis of watermarking techniques for graph coloring problem
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Software watermarking: models and dynamic embeddings
Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
GRASP: A Search Algorithm for Propositional Satisfiability
IEEE Transactions on Computers
New methods to color the vertices of a graph
Communications of the ACM
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Deducing similarities in Java sources from bytecodes
ATEC '98 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Stochastic search and phase transitions: AI meets physics
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Combinational test generation using satisfiability
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
A Public-Key Watermarking Technique for IP Designs
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Behavioral synthesis techniques for intellectual property protection
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
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Computational forensic engineering (CFE) aims to identify the entity that created a particular intellectual property (IP). Rather than relying on watermarking content or designs, the generic CFE methodology analyzes the statistics of certain features of a given IP and quantizes the likelihood that a well known source has created it. In this paper, we describe the generic methodology of CFE and present a set of techniques that, given a pool of compilation tools, identify the one used to generate a particular hardware/software design. The generic CFE approach has four phases: feature and statistics data collection, feature extraction, entity clustering, and validation. In addition to IP protection, the developed CFE paradigm can have other potential applications: optimization algorithm selection and tuning, benchmark selection, and source-verification for mobile code.