Voice: technology searching for communication needs
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Techniques & tools for using color in computer interface design
Crossroads - Special issue on human computer interaction
Panther: a specification system for graphical controls
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
Issues and techniques in touch-sensitive tablet input
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interface design and multivariate analysis of UNIX command use
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
Calculator functions on bitmapped computers
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Model-based design, generation, and evaluation of virtual user interfaces
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D Web technology
The cognitive model: an approach to designing the human-computer interface
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
A malleable control structure for softwired user interfaces
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
The prospects for psychological science in human-computer interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
An Embodied Approach for Engaged Interaction in Ubiquitous Computing
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part III: Ubiquitous and Intelligent Interaction
Midas: a declarative multi-touch interaction framework
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Tangible, embedded, and embodied interaction
MTi: A method for user identification for multitouch displays
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
How map designers can represent their ideas in thematic maps
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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Machines and computer systems differ in many characteristics that have important consequences for the user. Machines are special-purpose, have forms suggestive of their functions, are operated with controls in obvious one-to-one correspondence with their actions, and the consequences of the actions on visible objects are immediately and readily apparent. By contrast, computer systems are general-purpose, have inscrutable form, are operated symbolically via a keyboard with no obvious correspondence between keys and actions, and typically operate on invisible objects with consequences that are not immediately or readily apparent. The characteristics possessed by machines, but typically absent in computer systems, aid learning, use and transfer among machines. But “hard,” physical machines have limitations: they are inflexible, and their complexity can overwhelm us. We have built in our laboratory “soft machine” interfaces for computer systems to capitalize on the good characteristics of machines and overcome their limitations. A soft machine is implemented using the synergistic combination of real-time computer graphics to display “soft controls,” and a touch screen to make soft controls operable like conventional hard controls.