Developing a natural language interface to complex data
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Transition network grammars for natural language analysis
Communications of the ACM
Understanding Natural Language
Understanding Natural Language
Computation of a unique class of inferences: presupposition and entailment.
Computation of a unique class of inferences: presupposition and entailment.
Cooperative responses from a portable natural language data base query system.
Cooperative responses from a portable natural language data base query system.
A plan-based approach to speech act recognition
A plan-based approach to speech act recognition
Augmented phrase structure grammars
TINLAP '75 Proceedings of the 1975 workshop on Theoretical issues in natural language processing
Ungrammaticality and extra-grammaticality in natural language understanding systems
ACL '79 Proceedings of the 17th annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Constructing queries from tokens
SIGMOD '86 Proceedings of the 1986 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Processing dictionary definitions with phrasal pattern hierarchies
Computational Linguistics - Special issue of the lexicon
Understanding spontaneous speech
HLT '89 Proceedings of the workshop on Speech and Natural Language
The pragmatics of referring and the modality of communication
Computational Linguistics
Computational Linguistics
The fitted parse: 100% parsing capability in a syntactic grammar of English
ANLC '83 Proceedings of the first conference on Applied natural language processing
Responding to semantically ill-formed input
ANLC '88 Proceedings of the second conference on Applied natural language processing
Parsing with a small dictionary for applications such as text to speech
Computational Linguistics
How to detect grammatical errors in a text without parsing it
EACL '87 Proceedings of the third conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Recovery strategies for parsing extragrammatical language
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on ill-formed input
Parse fitting and prose fixing: getting a hold on ill-formedness
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on ill-formed input
Meta-rules as a basis for processing ill-formed input
Computational Linguistics - Special issue on ill-formed input
WEDNESDAY: parsing flexible word order languages
EACL '83 Proceedings of the first conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
A flexible natural language parser based on a two-level representation of syntax
EACL '83 Proceedings of the first conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics
Limited domain systems for language teaching
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Coping with extragrammaticality
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Robust processing in Machine Translation
ACL '84 Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computational Linguistics and 22nd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Analysis of conjunctions in a rule-based parser
ACL '85 Proceedings of the 23rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Two-level, many-paths generation
ACL '95 Proceedings of the 33rd annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
A rule-based approach to ill-formed input
COLING '80 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Computational linguistics
Parsing spoken language: a semantic caseframe approach
COLING '86 Proceedings of the 11th coference on Computational linguistics
Schema method: a framework for correcting grammatically ill-formed input
COLING '88 Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
COLING '92 Proceedings of the 14th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 2
GramCheck: a grammar and style checker
COLING '96 Proceedings of the 16th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
A speech-first model for repair detection and correction
HLT '93 Proceedings of the workshop on Human Language Technology
Constraint-based Modeling and Ambiguity
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Issues in the development of natural language front-ends
AFIPS '81 Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference
Text-critiquing with the EPISTLE system: an author's aid to better syntax
AFIPS '81 Proceedings of the May 4-7, 1981, national computer conference
The EPISTLE text-critiquing system
IBM Systems Journal
Google books n-gram corpus used as a grammar checker
EACL 2012 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Writing (CLW 2012): Linguistic and Cognitive Aspects of Document Creation and Document Engineering
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All natural language systems are likely to receive inputs for which they are unprepared. The system must be able to respond to such inputs by explicitly indicating the reasons the input could not be understood, so that the user will have precise information for trying to rephrase the input. If natural language communication to data bases, to expert consultant systems, or to any other practical system is to be accepted by other than computer personnel, this is an absolute necessity.This paper presents several ideas for dealing with parts of this broad problem. One is the use of presupposition to detect user assumptions. The second is relaxation of tests while parsing. The third is a general technique for responding intelligently when no parse can be found. All of these ideas have been implemented and tested in one of two natural language systems. Some of the ideas are heuristics that might be employed by humans; others are engineering solutions for the problem of practical natural language systems.